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Physical Review A

Addendum to “Interface tension of Bose-Einstein condensates”

Bert Van Schaeybroeck

Published Dec 10, 2009• 22 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this addendum to our paper ͓B.Van Schaeybroeck, Phys.Rev. A 78, 023624 ͑2008͔͒ we present an exact solution of the interface tension of Bose-Einstein condensates in a particular parameter regime.
DOI
10.1103/physreva.80.065601

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The purpose of the comment is to point out that the leading term of the Ginzburg-Landau nonanalytical correction to the interface tension of Bose-Einstein condensates with strong segregation and the surface tension of extreme type-I superconductors are described by a common coefficient derived from the universal equation for the phase boundary. The agreement between the numerical value of the coefficients gives a hint that this can be an exact result which deserves to be checked. The outcome will be of interest for physicists working in both fields.
Motivated by recent observations of phase-segregated binary Bose-Einstein condensates, we propose a method to calculate the excess energy due to the interface tension of a trapped configuration. By this method one should be able to numerically reproduce the experimental data by means of a simple Thomas-Fermi approximation, combined with interface excess terms and the Laplace equation. Using the Gross-Pitaevskii theory, we find expressions for the interface excesses which are accurate in a very broad range of the interspecies and intraspecies interaction parameters. We also present finite-temperature corrections to the interface tension which, aside from the regime of weak segregation, turn out to be small.
In classical fluids, surfactants enter the interface between two immiscible fluids and reduce the interfacial tension. We show that a similar situation can be realized in a three-component Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), in which a phase-separated two-component BEC forms an interface and the third component enters the interface. We derive an expression for the interfacial tension of this system, and numerically show that the third component can reduce the interfacial tension, i.e., the third component plays the role of a surfactant. The stability of such an interface is corroborated by the Bogoliubov analysis. We also consider a system that has a spatial gradient in the interfacial tension, and we show that interfacial flow is induced, which resembles the Marangoni flow in classical fluids.