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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and Theoretical

Conformal weights of charged Rényi entropy twist operators for free scalar fields in arbitrary dimensions

J. S. Dowker

Published Feb 23, 2016• 31 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract I compute the conformal weights of the twist operators of free scalar fields for charged Rényi entropy in both odd and even dimensions. Explicit expressions can be found, in odd dimensions as a function of the chemical potential in the absence of a conical singularity and thence by images for all integer coverings. This method, developed some time ago, is equivalent, in results, to the replica technique. A review is given. The same method applies for even dimensions but a general form is more immediately available. For no chemical potential, the closed form in the covering order is written in an alternative way related to old trigonometric sums. Some derivatives are obtained. An analytical proof is given of a conjecture made by Bueno, Myers and Witczak-Krempa regarding the relation between the conformal weights and a corner coefficient (a universal quantity) in the Rényi entropy.

DOI
10.1088/1751-8113/49/14/145401

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Abstract I compute the conformal weights of the twist operators of free scalar fields for charged Rényi entropy in both odd and even dimensions. Explicit expressions can be found, in odd dimensions as a function of the chemical potential in the absence of a conical singularity and thence by images for all integer coverings. This method, developed some time ago, is equivalent, in results, to the replica technique. A review is given. The same method applies for even dimensions but a general form is more immediately available. For no chemical potential, the closed form in the covering order is written in an alternative way related to old trigonometric sums. Some derivatives are obtained. An analytical proof is given of a conjecture made by Bueno, Myers and Witczak-Krempa regarding the relation between the conformal weights and a corner coefficient (a universal quantity) in the Rényi entropy.
I compute the conformal weights of the twist operators of free scalar fields for charged Rényi entropy in both odd and even dimensions. Explicit expressions can be found, in odd dimensions as a function of the chemical potential in the absence of a conical singularity and thence by images for all integer coverings. This method, developed some time ago, is equivalent, in results, to the replica technique. A review is given. The same method applies for even dimensions but a general form is more immediately available. For no chemical potential, the the closed form in the covering order is written in an alternative way related to old trigonometric sums. Some derivatives are obtained. An analytical proof is given of a conjecture made by Bueno, Myers and Witczac--Krempa regarding the relation between the conformal weights and a corner coefficient (a universal quantity) in the Rényi entropy.
The conformal weights of spherical twist operators at non--zero (Euclidean) chemical potential are computed for free Dirac fields in arbitrary dimensions. An image technique, equivalent to replicas, is again used to obtain the nnn--fold cover quantities. The proof of a conjecture made by Bueno, Myers and Witczac--Krempa regarding the relation between the conformal weights and a corner coefficient in the Rényi entropy, given before for scalar fields, is extended to the fermion case. The variation of the weights with chemical potential indicates phase changes.
Abstract I first calculate the charged spherical Rényi entropy by a numerical method that does not require knowledge of any eigenvalue degeneracies, and applies to all odd dimensions. An image method is used to relate the full sphere values to those for an integer covering, n . It is shown to be equivalent to a ‘transformation’ property of the zeta-function. The n → ∞ limit is explicitly constructed analytically and a relation deduced between the limits of corner coefficients and the effective action (free energy) which generalises, for free fields, a result of Bueno, Myers and Witczak-Krempa and Elvang and Hadjiantonis to any dimension. Finally, the known polynomial expressions for the Rényi entropy on even spheres at zero chemical potential are re–derived in a different form and a simple formula for the conformal anomaly given purely in terms of central factorials is obtained.
We propose a field theoretic framework for calculating the dependence of Rényi entropies on the shape of the entangling surface in a conformal field theory. Our approach rests on regarding the corresponding twist operator as a conformal defect and in particular, we define the displacement operator which implements small local deformations of the entangling surface. We identify a simple constraint between the coefficient defining the two-point function of the displacement operator and the conformal weight of the twist operator, which consolidates a number of distinct conjectures on the shape dependence of the Rényi entropy. As an example, using this approach, we examine a conjecture regarding the universal coefficient associated with a conical singularity in the entangling surface for CFTs in any number of spacetime dimensions. We also provide a general formula for the second order variation of the Rényi entropy arising from small deformations of a spherical entangling surface, extending Mezei’s results for the entanglement entropy.
Rényi entropies, S_{n}, admit a natural generalization in the presence of global symmetries. These "charged Rényi entropies" are functions of the chemical potential μ conjugate to the charge contained in the entangling region and reduce to the usual notions as μ→0. For n=1, this provides a notion of charged entanglement entropy. In this Letter, we prove that for a general d(≥3)-dimensional conformal field theory, the leading correction to the uncharged entanglement entropy across a spherical entangling surface is quadratic in the chemical potential, positive definite, and universally controlled (up to fixed d-dependent constants) by the coefficients C_{J} and a_{2}. These fully characterize, for a given theory, the current correlators ⟨JJ⟩ and ⟨TJJ⟩, as well as the energy flux measured at infinity produced by the insertion of the current operator. Our result is motivated by analytic holographic calculations for a special class of higher-curvature gravities coupled to a (d-2) form in general dimensions as well as for free fields in d=4. A proof for general theories and dimensions follows from previously known universal identities involving the magnetic response of twist operators introduced in A. Belin et al. [J. High Energy Phys. 12 (2013) 059.JHEPFG1029-847910.1007/JHEP12(2013)059] and basic thermodynamic relations.