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Physical Review A

Suppression and coherent control of free-induction-decay emission in multilevel systems

Luı́s E. E. de Araujo

Published Oct 19, 2006• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

In this paper, I study the coherent control and suppression of the free-induction-decay emission associated with the decay from an excited multilevel atom to its ground state. It is shown here that a strong and ultrashort coupling pulse, resonant with the excited states and a lower state other than the ground state, can induce destructive quantum interferences in the decay process. The suppression is temporary and the free-induction-decay signal reappears one quantum-beat period (of the excited states) later. A sequence of equally spaced, ultrashort coupling pulses can control the moment the free-induction-decay emission occurs.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.74.043415

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In this paper, I study the coherent control and suppression of the free-induction-decay emission associated with the decay from an excited multilevel atom to its ground state. It is shown here that a strong and ultrashort coupling pulse, resonant with the excited states and a lower state other than the ground state, can induce destructive quantum interferences in the decay process. The suppression is temporary and the free-induction-decay signal reappears one quantum-beat period (of the excited states) later. A sequence of equally spaced, ultrashort coupling pulses can control the moment the free-induction-decay emission occurs.
In this paper, I numerically investigate the propagation of ultrashort pulses through an extended collection of multilevel systems under the condition of electromagnetically induced transparency. The transparency of a weak probe pulse is induced by a much stronger coupling pulse. In the limit of a weak probe excitation and a large number of excited states, I show that the free-induction decay signal that would naturally follow the excitation pulse is strongly suppressed, and the envelope of the probe pulse suffers a distortion in its temporal profile as the pulse propagates into the medium. This distortion is characterized by a stronger absorption of the leading edge of the pulse than that of its trailing edge. The temporal phase of the pulse, however, remains constant throughout propagation.
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Here, I discuss the propagation of an ultrashort pulse through a collection of harmonic multilevel systems. In the limit of weak excitation and a large number of excited states, I show that the amplitude of the input driving pulse decays exponentially with propagation distance. The absorption coefficient associated with this decay is determined by the characteristic time of the manifold of excited states, instead of the polarization decay time as in the conventional absorption coefficient of a two-level atom. The input ultrashort pulse creates in the excited states a wave packet, which oscillates emitting secondary pulses in the process. Analytic solutions are obtained that describe the propagation of individual wave-packet re-emission pulses, and it is shown that their phase depends on the detuning of the input pulse.
A theory of optical free-induction decay (FID) induced by two exciting light pulses in three-level atomic systems subjected to a constant magnetic field is presented. The theory takes into account the hyperfine interaction, the level degeneracy, and the dependence of the FID signal on the polarizations of the exciting pulses. An analysis of the FID signal in a magnetic field suggests new ways to measure the g factors of the levels, the hyperfine structure constants, and the relaxation rates. The results obtained are extended to include the echelon excitation of the multilevel system by a definite set of light pulses with specially chosen frequencies and polarizations.
In this thesis, we present work on coherent control of multilevelquantum systems in the strong field limit using shaped ultrafastlaser pulses. In recent years there have been numerous multiphotonabsorption experiments in two,three, and four-level atomic/molecularsystems and many are performed in the limit of weak fields whereperturbation theory is valid. Here, we describe a series ofexperiments aimed at exploring and understanding multiphotontransitions when the exciting field is strong and perturbationtheory breaks down. Our approach to strong field control utilizesboth parameterized scans of various pulse shapes and closed-looplearning control to identify a pulse shape that is optimal forpopulating a target quantum state. With this we will highlight thedifference between sequential population transfer and adiabaticrapid passage in multilevel systems with multiphoton couplingbetween levels. Additionally, we examine strong field control of afour-level atomic interferometer and show how interference in atarget state changes from resonant pathways in the frequency domainto time-domain interference via a singe path.Further, we use shaped femtosecond pulses to demonstrate aphenomenon in which a three-level atom becomes a modulator of anultrafast pulse. The results are based on a pump-probe scheme thatis very similar to Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT).Important dynamics associated with a time-dependent coupling fieldare examined. Lastly, we extend previous work on two-photon drivensuperfluorescence from a shaped ultrafast drive laser and show howstimulated emission near threshold can turn modest coherent controlyields into essentially perfect discrimination between systems wherea control factor of about 104 is achieved between atomic andmolecular species.
Selective resonant excitations can be realized with a shaped ultrashort pulse in an optically dense collection of multilevel individual atoms, where the near dipole-dipole interactions induce intrinsic frequency shifts of the atomic resonance. A proper transform-limited pulse and modulation of excitation pulses can be controlled to establish constructive or destructive quantum interference between different excitation pathways towards a desired selective resonant excitation, even driven by pulses with broadband spectral components.