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Confluentes Mathematici

Unraveling open quantum systems: classical reductions and classical dilations of quantum markov semigroups

Rolando Rebolledo

Published May 22, 2009• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A number of results connecting quantum and classical Markov semigroups, as well as their dilations is reported. The method presented here is based on the analysis of the structure of the semigroup generator. In particular, measure-valued processes appear as a combination of classical reduction and classical dilation of a given quantum Markov semigroup.

DOI
10.1142/s1793744209000055

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A number of results connecting quantum and classical Markov semigroups, as well as their dilations is reported. The method presented here is based on the analysis of the structure of the semigroup generator. In particular, measure-valued processes appear as a combination of classical reduction and classical dilation of a given quantum Markov semigroup.
We study the Classical Probability analogue of the unitary dilations of a quantum dynamical semigroup defined in Quantum Probability via quantum stochastic differential equations. Given a homogeneous Markov chain in continuous time in a finite state space E, we introduce a second system, an environment, and a deterministic invertible time-homogeneous global evolution of the system E with this environment such that the original Markov evolution of E can be realized by a proper choice of the initial random state of the environment. We also compare this dilations with the unitary dilations of a quantum dynamical semigroup in Quantum Probability.
We study the Classical Probability analogue of the dilations of a quantum dynamical semigroup in Quantum Probability. Given a (not necessarily homogeneous) Markov chain in discrete time in a finite state space E, we introduce a second system, an environment, and a deterministic invertible time-homogeneous global evolution of the system E with this environment such that the original Markov evolution of E can be realized by a proper choice of the initial random state of the environment. We also compare this dilations with the dilations of a quantum dynamical semigroup in Quantum Probability: given a classical Markov semigroup, we show that it can be extended to a quantum dynamical semigroup for which we can find a quantum dilation to a group of *-automorphisms admitting an invariant abelian subalgebra where this quantum dilation gives just our classical dilation.
A major problem to perform statistical inference in open quantum systems is the perturbation induced by the measurement process. However, at least theoretically, a suitable choice of the measurement process could provide a consistent approach through classical stochastic processes. This work proposes a method to perform statistical inference on open quantum systems represented by quantum Markov semigroups having a suitable classical reduction. The method is based on measurements associated to observables generating invariant abelian algebras.
As mentioned previously, a classical Markov semigroup of transition operators { T t , t ≥ 0} can be generated from a classical Markov process { X t , t ≥ 0}. On the other hand, given a Markov semigroup, a Markov process { X t , t ≥ 0} can be constructed based on the Markov semigroup { T t , t ≥ 0} using the Kolmogorov consistency theorem. In the context of quantum probability space ( A , ρ ), a Markov dilation (i.e., construction of a quantum Markov process from a given quantum Markov semigroup of operators { I t , t ≥ 0}) turns out to be a nontrivial matter. This is partly due to the fact that, although the general concept of conditional expectation of an observable given a sub-von Neumann algebras B ⊂ A can be defined and required properties can be described, an explicit construction of such a conditional expectation is still unavailable in general. The main objective of this chapter is to introduce relevant concepts and to develop some properties of quantum Markov processes in the content of quantum probability explored in previous chapters. There are 2 major components in this chapter: (i) introduction of concepts and derivation of properties of a quantum Markov processes based on some assumed and/or derived properties of conditional expectation E ρ [· | A t ] ] given a filtration of sub-von Neumann algebras { A t ] , t ≥ 0} of A , and (ii) Markov dilation or construction of a weak quantum Markov flow (WQMF) from a given quantum Markov semigroup { I t , t ≥ 0} using the weak conditional expectation E [· | F t ], where { F t , t ≥ 0} is a filtration of orthogonal projection operators defined on the complex Hilbert space ℍ. The main objective of the first component is to introduce the relevant concept and develop some properties of quantum Markov processes in the content of quantum probability explored in previous chapters. Although the theory of (classical) Markov processes is well known in the probability community (see, for example, Dynkin [Dyn62], Ethier and Kurtz [EK85]), we outline some basic concept and results from the classical theory of homogeneous Markov processes below for comparison purpose.
We study the classical probability analogue of the unitary dilations of a quantum dynamical semigroup in quantum probability. Given a (not necessarily homogeneous) Markov chain in discrete time in a finite state space E, we introduce a second system, an environment, and a deterministic invertible time-homogeneous global evolution of the system E with this environment such that the original Markov evolution of E is realized by a proper choice of the initial random state of the environment. We also compare these dilations with the unitary dilations of a quantum dynamical semigroup in quantum probability: given a classical Markov semigroup, we show that it can be extended to a quantum dynamical semigroup for which we can find a quantum dilation to a group of ∗*∗-automorphisms admitting an invariant abelian subalgebra where this quantum dilation gives just our classical dilation.