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Quantum Information Processing

Quantum interference of photons in simple networks

M. Suda, Christoph Pacher, Momtchil Peev, Miloslav Dušek, Florian Hipp

Published Nov 6, 2012• 6 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s11128-012-0479-3

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The paper introduced an efficient and simple method for characterizing any multi-mode linear photonic network, by directly measuring all moduli and phases of the matrix that relates creation operators of the input and output modes. The method employs a readily available standard laser source and photodetectors, and eliminates the need for nonclassical interference and single-photon detectors. It requires 2N-1 configurations for measuring all nontrivial parameters of the matrix describing N-mode linear photonic network. The authors used this method to experimentally characterize an integrated device, a 6×6 fused-fibre coupler, and highlight its precision by comparing measured quantum interference patterns with those predicted using the classically-estimated matrix. The obtained interference patterns are in excellent agreement with those predicted by the measured matrix using our method.
The experimental characterization of multi-photon quantum interference effects in optical networks is essential in many applications of photonic quantum technologies, which include quantum computing and quantum communication as two prominent examples. However, such characterization often requires technologies which are beyond our current experimental capabilities, and today's methods suffer from errors due to the use of imperfect sources and photodetectors. In this paper, we introduce a simple experimental technique to characterize multi-photon quantum interference by means of practical laser sources and threshold single-photon detectors. Our technique is based on well-known methods in quantum cryptography which use decoy settings to tightly estimate the statistics provided by perfect devices. As an illustration of its practicality, we use this technique to obtain a tight estimation of both the generalized Hong−Ou−Mandel dip in a beamsplitter with six input photons and the three-photon coincidence probability at the output of a tritter.