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International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security

Multi-User Quantum Key Distribution Using Wavelength Division Multiplexing

P. Lokesh Kumar Reddy, B. Rama Bhupal Reddy, S. Rama Krishna

Published Jun 26, 2012• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum cryptography, exclusively known as Quantum key distribution (QKD), has attracted a lot of attention in the recent years with the discovery that it can provide absolute secrecy for communications.We report a new architecture for constructing a fiber-based network of quantum key distribution using optical wavelength division multiplexing in the fiber, and also using some wavelength protocols.The advantages are discussed in detail for demonstrating the experimental report in the way of feasibility for the proposed architecture.

DOI
10.5815/ijcnis.2012.06.06

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The quantum key distribution (QKD) research, which is drawing attention as the next secure communication, is actively expanding from point to point system to network architecture. In QKD network system, it is important to increase the number of users who can securely communicate. Up to date, a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) architecture has successfully expanded the number of channels without significant system loss, but there is a limitation of increasing channels considering the range of telecommunication wavelength and crosstalk noise, etc. In this article, we propose a polarizing division method that increases user channels independently of wavelengths. The proposed architecture can increase the number of wavelength multiplexed channels by a multiple of the polarization number. We identify the issues in the QKD network system that may occur when using polarization and wavelengths simultaneously, then provide solutions and optimize the system operation accordingly. Finally, we describe a field test result of a one to many QKD network system that shows successful key exchange with 3% QBER.
Most traditional applications of quantum cryptography are point-to-point communications, in which only two users can exchange keys. In this letter, we present a network scheme that enable quantum key distribution between multi-user with wavelength addressing. Considering the current state of wavelength division multiplexing technique, dozens or hundreds of users can be connected to such a network and directly exchange keys with each other. With the scheme, a 4-user demonstration network was built up and key exchanges were performed.
We describe how optical wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) can be used to build a fibre‐based network allowing many users to communicate in a secure fashion using quantum key distribution (QKD). In the simplest implementation, a certain number of trusted relays are necessary when the network gets large. However, we also show that, by using entangled QKD, trusted relays are not necessary for metro‐distance networks, and their required number is cut in half for global networks. We also report on a successful demonstration of the proposed architecture over a fibre link of 10 km with the plug&play configuration, which uses weak pulses of light and a Faraday mirror to compensate for the errors introduced by the fibre. The average interference visibility per user is 99.6 ± 0.2% (27 ± 2 dB). This guarantees the feasibility of the proposed WDM architecture.
Future communications networks not only should enable massive exchange of classical bits, but also the transmission of quantum bits on which many quantum applications rely. This will be the key to offering quantum technologies in a cost-efficient way, and it should encompass the integration of quantum and classical networks at the core of existing optical communications networks, as well as at the access end of such networks. In this work, we cover a range of proposals that enable such an integration for one of the imminent applications of quantum technologies, i.e., quantum key distribution (QKD), by which users can securely exchange a secret key for their cryptographic needs. This will include using wavelength division multiplexing techniques to send quantum and classical data on the same fiber as well as wireless access for QKD users to passive optical networks. In each case, we explore optimal arrangements to find the best way forward for an amicable coexistence.