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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Refractive index switching based on loss controlling in a doped metamaterial slab

Hamed Sattari, Mostafa Sahrai

Published May 1, 2014• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

An all-optical refractive index switch is proposed based on coherent control of a doped double-negative metamaterial slab. By embedding the three-level atoms through the left-handed slab, the effective permittivity of the slab becomes a function of the doped atom’s susceptibility. Absorption properties manipulation of the doped atoms leads to active control over the total loss of the metamaterial slab. This way the refractive index of the slab can be switched between negative and positive by the change of the relative phase of the applied fields. This may offer active control over the transmission in a wide range from 0 to 0.58.

DOI
10.1364/josab.31.001240

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An all-optical refractive index switch is proposed based on coherent control of a doped double-negative metamaterial slab. By embedding the three-level atoms through the left-handed slab, the effective permittivity of the slab becomes a function of the doped atom’s susceptibility. Absorption properties manipulation of the doped atoms leads to active control over the total loss of the metamaterial slab. This way the refractive index of the slab can be switched between negative and positive by the change of the relative phase of the applied fields. This may offer active control over the transmission in a wide range from 0 to 0.58.
We propose a scheme for realizing negative refractive index in a V-type four-level atomic system. It is shown that the negative refractive index can be achieved in a wide frequency band based on the effect of quantum coherence. It is also found that the frequency band of negative refractive index and the absorption property of left-handed material are manipulated by the pump and control fields. Furthermore, left-handed material with reduced absorption is possible by choosing appropriate parameters. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Optical materials exhibit significant losses over the resonance frequency of their constituent atoms and so they are practically implemented at frequencies far from resonances. Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) provides a method for effective suppression of optical loss in a narrow window over the resonance, where the medium exhibits significant dispersion but at the expense of zero susceptibility. The classical or plasmonic analogs of the EIT effect are introduced and widely used in the context of electromagnetic or optical metamaterials (MMs). In another interesting phenomenon in quantum optics known as enhancement of index of refraction (EIR), the optical loss of the medium can be zero or even negative at the region of maximal susceptibility and negligible dispersion. This condition is interesting for applications where a strong electromagnetic response of the medium with negligible loss is required, such as zero- or negative-index metamaterials (MMs). Here we introduce a plasmonic analog of the EIR which allows for coherent control over the polarizability and absorption of plasmonic nanoantennas. It can open up the way for loss-compensated propagation of optical waves in zero-index to high-refractive-index plasmonic MMs. The scheme also offers an approach to all-optical switching and coherent control of transmission, diffraction, and polarization conversion properties of plasmonic nanostructures, as well as propagation properties of surface plasmon polaritons on metasurfaces.
The extraordinary properties of laser-induced transparency of a negative-index slab and parametric amplification for a backward-wave signal are investigated. The effects of the idler absorption and phase mismatch on the amplification of the signal are studied, and the feasibility of ensuring robust transparency for a broad range of control field intensities and slab thicknesses is shown. A particular option consisting of the independent engineering of a strong four-wave mixing response and the negative refractive index is proposed and its specific features are investigated. The feasibility of quantum control over the slab transparency in such a scheme is confirmed through numerical experiments. We thus show opportunities and conditions for the compensation of the strong absorption inherent to plasmonic negative-index metamaterials, and we further show achievable transparency through coherent energy transfer from the control optical field to the negative-index signal.
A new scheme for overcoming losses with incoherent optical gain in a quantum-coherent left-handed atomic vapor is suggested. In order to obtain low-loss, lossless or active left-handed media (LHM), a pump fleld, which aims at realizing population inversion of atomic levels, is introduced into a four-level atomic system. Both analytical and numerical results are given to illustrate that such an atomic vapor can exhibit intriguing electric and magnetic responses required for achieving simultaneously negative permittivity and permeability (and hence a gain-assisted quantum-coherent negative refractive index would emerge). The quantum-coherent left-handed atomic vapor presented here could have four fascinating characteristics: i) three-dimensionally isotropic negative refractive index, ii) double- negative atomic medium at visible and infrared wavelengths, iii) high-gain optical ampliflcation, and iv) tunable negative refractive index based on quantum coherent control. Such a three-dimensionally isotropic gain medium with negative refractive index at visible and infrared frequencies would have a potential application in design of new quantum optical and photonic devices, including superlenses for perfect imaging and subwavelength focusing.
Optical negative-index metamaterials (NIMs) form a novel class of artificial electromagnetic materials. In this paper, we have shown the possibilities of compensation of strong losses in negative- and positive-index materials by two laser beams as well as of wavelength-selective frequency-tunable narrow-band filtering. Such feasibility of quantum switching from strong absorption to amplification via transparency is possible due to nonlinear interference effects accompanied resonant Raman-like and OPA-like processes in doped metamaterials. A possibility of generation of counter-propagating entangled right- and left-handed photons in doped NIMs in cavity-free regimes is investigated.