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Physical Review A

Evaporative cooling of metastable helium in the multi-partial-wave regime

Scott V. Nguyen, S. Charles Doret, Colin B. Connolly, R. A. Michniak, Wolfgang Ketterle, John M. Doyle

Published Dec 29, 2005• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Metastable helium is buffer gas cooled, magnetically trapped, and evaporatively cooled in large numbers. ${10}^{11}$ $^{4}\mathrm{He}^{*}$ atoms are trapped at an initial temperature of $400\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mK}$ and evaporatively cooled into the ultracold regime, resulting in a cloud of $2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{9}$ atoms at $1.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{mK}$. Efficient evaporation indicates low collisional loss for $^{4}\mathrm{He}^{*}$ in both the ultracold and multi-partial-wave regime, in agreement with theory.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.72.060703

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We report the magnetic trapping and evaporative cooling of bosonic and fermionic isotopes of atomic chromium. Using a cryogenic helium buffer gas, 1012{10}^{12}1012 chromium atoms are trapped at an initial temperature of \ensuremath{\sim}1 K. The chromium atoms are then cooled adiabatically and evaporatively to temperatures as low as \ensuremath{\sim}10 mK. Elastic and inelastic 52Cr{}^{52}\mathrm{Cr}52Cr collisional cross sections are measured over this temperature range. Prospects for simultaneously creating a 52Cr{}^{52}\mathrm{Cr}52Cr Bose-Einstein condensate and 53Cr{}^{53}\mathrm{Cr}53Cr Fermi degenerate gas will be discussed.
We report the creation of a Bose-Einstein condensate using buffer-gas cooling, the first realization of Bose-Einstein condensation using a broadly general method which relies neither on laser cooling nor unique atom-surface properties. Metastable helium ((4)He*) is buffer-gas cooled, magnetically trapped, and evaporatively cooled to quantum degeneracy. 10(11) atoms are initially trapped, leading to Bose-Einstein condensation at a critical temperature of 5 microK and threshold atom number of 1.1 x 10(6). This method is applicable to a wide array of paramagnetic atoms and molecules, many of which are impractical to laser cool and impossible to surface cool.
We have magnetically trapped and evaporatively cooled atomic molybdenum. Using a cryogenic helium buffer gas, $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{10}$ molybdenum atoms are loaded into a magnetic trap at an initial temperature of 500 mK. The molybdenum atoms undergo two-body decay with a measured inelastic rate constant of ${g}_{\mathrm{in}}=(1.2\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for the initial conditions after loading. The molybdenum atoms are cooled by adiabatic expansion and forced evaporation to 200 mK.
We report the creation of a Bose-Einstein condensate using buffer-gas cooling, the first realization of Bose-Einstein condensation using a broadly general method which relies neither on laser cooling nor unique atom-surface properties. Metastable helium ([superscript 4]He[superscript *]) is buffer-gas cooled, magnetically trapped, and evaporatively cooled to quantum degeneracy. 10[superscript 11] atoms are initially trapped, leading to Bose-Einstein condensation at a critical temperature of 5 μK and threshold atom number of 1.1×10 [superscript 6]. This method is applicable to a wide array of paramagnetic atoms and molecules, many of which are impractical to laser cool and impossible to surface cool.
Summary form only given. The importance of helium atoms in the metastable state 2/sup 3/S/sub 1/ (He*, lifetime 8000 s) for studies of ultracold atomic clouds in the quantum degeneracy regime has been pointed out. For /sup 4/He* Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) is expected, whereas the /sup 3/He isotope allows the study of a fermionic system, if the technique of sympathetic cooling is feasible. We plan to reach the BEC transition using forced evaporative cooling in our magnetostatic trap (MST) of cloverleaf geometry.