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Fortschritte der Physik

Bose‐Einstein condensates as incubators of nonlinear and quantum optics

E. Arimondo

Published Oct 11, 2004• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The equivalence between bosonic atoms and photons, and the large freedom in the manipulation of the atomic waves, has produced a large interest into the generation of atomic configurations with properties similar to those of the photon waves generated through nonlinear or quantum optics. Experiments performed on a rubidium Bose‐Einstein condensate within an optical lattice are analyzed within the framework of the connection between optics of photon and atom waves.

DOI
10.1002/prop.200410186

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Abstract The equivalence between bosonic atoms and photons, and the large freedom in the manipulation of the atomic waves, has produced a large interest into the generation of atomic configurations with properties similar to those of the photon waves generated through nonlinear or quantum optics. Experiments performed on a rubidium Bose‐Einstein condensate within an optical lattice are analyzed within the framework of the connection between optics of photon and atom waves.
Matter waves inside periodic potentials are well known from solid-state physics, where electrons interacting with a crystal lattice are considered. Atomic Bose-Einstein condensates inside light-induced periodic potentials (optical lattices) share many features with electrons in solids, but also with light waves in nonlinear materials and other nonlinear systems. Generally, atom-atom interactions in Bose-Einstein condensates lead to rich and interesting nonlinear effects. Furthermore, the experimental control over the parameters of the periodic potential and the condensate make it possible to enter regimes inaccessible in other systems. In this review, an introduction to the physics of ultracold bosonic atoms in optical lattices is given and an overview of the theoretical and experimental advances to date.
Abstract By pumping energy into a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate it is possible to generate nonlinear coherent modes representing non-ground-state condensates. A Bose-condensed system of trapped atoms with nonlinear coherent modes is analogous to a finite-level atom considered in optics which can be excited by applying external fields. The excitation of finite-level atoms produces a variety of optical phenomena. In the similar way, the generation of nonlinear coherent modes in a trapped condensate results in many phenomena studied in what is termed atom optics. For example, there occur such effects as interference patterns, interference current, Rabi oscillations, harmonic generation, parametric conversion, Ramsey fringes, mode locking, and a dynamic transition between Rabi and Josephson regimes. The possibility of creating mesoscopic entangled states of trapped atoms and entanglement production by atomic states in optical lattices are studied.
We overview our recent theoretical studies on nonlinear atom optics of the Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) loaded into optical lattices. In particular, we describe the band-gap spectrum and nonlinear localization of BECs in one- and two-dimensional optical lattices. We discuss the structure and stability properties of spatially localized states (matter-wave solitons) in 1D lattices, as well as trivial and vortex-like bound states of 2D gap solitons. To highlight similarities between the behavior of coherent light and matter waves in periodic potentials, we draw useful parallels with the physics of coherent light waves in nonlinear photonic crystals and optically-induced photonic lattices.
Abstract Trapped bosonic atoms can be cooled down to temperatures where the atomic cloud experiences Bose–Einstein condensation. Almost all atoms in a dilute gaseous system can be Bose-condensed, which implies that this system is in a coherent state. The coherent atomic system enjoys many properties typical of coherent optical systems. It is possible to generate different condensate coherent modes similarly to the generation of optical modes. Several effects can be observed, such as interference patterns, interference current, Rabi oscillations, harmonic generation, parametric conversion, Ramsey fringes, mode locking, dynamic transition between Rabi and Josephson regimes, and atomic squeezing.