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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)

Local reachability of stochastic quantum dynamics with application to feedback control of single-spin systems

Naoki Yamamoto, H. Machida, Koji Tsumura, Shinji Hara

Published Oct 4, 2006• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A quantum state subject to a continuous measurement obeys a nonlinear stochastic differential equation called the stochastic master equation. In this paper, we utilize the technique of local reachability developed in control theory to characterize a class of the measurement and the controller in such a way that the local transition of the controlled quantum state is restricted to a low-dimensional manifold. We examine the proposed controller for single-spin systems with two typical measurements.

DOI
10.1109/cdc.2005.1583491

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A quantum state subject to a continuous measurement obeys a nonlinear stochastic differential equation called the stochastic master equation. In this paper, we utilize the technique of local reachability developed in control theory to characterize a class of the measurement and the controller in such a way that the local transition of the controlled quantum state is restricted to a low-dimensional manifold. We examine the proposed controller for single-spin systems with two typical measurements.
In this paper, we focus on finite-dimensional quantum systems and give a general procedure to analyze its local reachability and local observability. We first derive the general Stratonovich equation of the quantum dynamics, which enables us to perform the analysis with conventional calculus using the Lie product and the Lie derivative. Our formula gives some physically new facts, and one of them is the following; the local evolution of a quantum state driven by the measurement back-action is restricted to a two-dimensional manifold without respect to the measured system. We lastly show the efficiencies of the results by studying an important example, the single-spin system.
In this paper, we analyze local state transition of controlled quantum systems under continuous quantum measurement, which is described by a matrix-valued nonlinear stochastic differential equation. To this end, we utilize the method of differential geometric analysis for systems with matrix-valued states developed in the first part of this series. The method provides us a direct and efficient way of analysis with a clear perspective. We study local state transition of the controlled quantum systems with imperfect detector efficiency which has not been studied enough in previous works. The controlled quantum system with perfect detector efficiency is also investigated as a special case. Sufficient conditions for the measurement operator and the control Hamiltonian are derived, under which the local state transition is quite limited. We also show that the conditions are satisfied in many typical situations. The results reveal fundamental nature of the controlled quantum systems under continuous quantum measurement.
In this paper, feedback control of quantum spin systems is investigated. The quantum control scenario follows the formalism of continuous quantum measurement and quantum state estimation using the so-called stochastic master equation. In quantum feedback control implementations the state estimation is delayed, which is known to degrade the resulting control performance. As yet there are no theoretical means to take such estimation delays into consideration. In this paper we derive a stabilizing control law for two-dimensional quantum spin systems taking estimation delays into explicit account. From a control theoretic viewpoint, the obtained result is a delay-dependent stability criterion for a nonlinear stochastic switching system.
In this paper, feedback control of quantum spin systems is investigated. The quantum control scenario follows the formalism of continuous quantum measurement and quantum state estimation using the so-called stochastic master equation. In quantum feedback control implementations the state estimation is delayed, which is known to degrade the resulting control performance. As yet there are no theoretical means to take such estimation delays into consideration. In this paper we derive a globally stabilizing control law for two-dimensional quantum spin systems taking estimation delays into explicit account. From a control theoretic viewpoint, the obtained result is a delay-dependent stability criterion for a nonlinear stochastic switching system.
This review develops a control-theoretic perspective on measurement-based feedback for continuously monitored open quantum systems, with the main analysis focused on finite-dimensional systems governed by diffusive stochastic master equations. We introduce the relevant state-space, invariant-subspace, and quantum non-demolition structures, interpret quantum filtering as nonlinear observer dynamics, and review open-loop asymptotics, filter stability, state-feedback stabilization, robustness, and reduced-order observer-based control. Particular emphasis is placed on a recurrence--contraction framework, in which Hamiltonian feedback removes non-target invariant obstructions while measurement-induced dynamics provide local exponential contraction. Although the detailed analysis is developed for finite-dimensional diffusive models, the underlying measurement--estimation--feedback architecture is relevant across a broad range of quantum platforms. We further discuss implementation challenges and open problems involving scalable estimation, sampling and delay, adaptation, hybrid and non-Markovian dynamics, practical stability, optimal control, and learning-based design. By organizing these developments around invariance, estimation, recurrence, and contraction, the review provides a tutorial bridge between measurement-based quantum feedback and nonlinear stochastic control.
Abstract. No quantum measurement can give full information on the state of a quantum system; hence any quantum feedback control problem is necessarily one with partial observations and can generally be converted into a completely observed control problem for an appropriate quantum filter as in classical stochastic control theory. Here we study the properties of controlled quantum filtering equations as classical stochastic differential equations. We then develop methods, using a combination of geometric control and classical probabilistic techniques, for global feedback stabilization of a class of quantum filters around a particular eigenstate of the measurement operator.