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Revista Mexicana de Física

Alternative method for determining the Feynman propagator of a relativistic quantum mechanical problem

M. Moshińsky, Emerson Sadurní

Published Dec 1, 2008• 4 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The authors, together with A. del Campo, developed an alternative method for determining the Feynman propagator [1] for a non-relativistic problem. One started with the time dependent Schroedinger equation for the problem. Carried out a Laplace transform with respect to time to get the equation for the energy dependent Green function and derived it explicitly. We then carried out the inverse Laplace transform in the energy to get Feynman propagator. In this paper we carry out the same programme for a relativistic problem associated with the one dimensional Dirac equation of a free particle and the Dirac oscillator proposed by Moshinsky and Szczepaniak [2] twenty years ago.

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The authors, together with A. del Campo, developed an alternative method for determining the Feynman propagator [1] for a non-relativistic problem. One started with the time dependent Schroedinger equation for the problem. Carried out a Laplace transform with respect to time to get the equation for the energy dependent Green function and derived it explicitly. We then carried out the inverse Laplace transform in the energy to get Feynman propagator. In this paper we carry out the same programme for a relativistic problem associated with the one dimensional Dirac equation of a free particle and the Dirac oscillator proposed by Moshinsky and Szczepaniak [2] twenty years ago.
A direct procedure for determining the propagator associated with a quantum mechanical problem was given by the Path Integration Procedure of Feynman.The Green function, which is the Fourier Transform with respect to the time variable of the propagator, can be derived later.In our approach, with the help of a Laplace transform, a direct way to get the energy dependent Green function is presented, and the propagator can be obtained later with an inverse Laplace transform.The method is illustrated through simple one dimensional examples and for time independent potentials, though it can be generalized to the derivation of more complicated propagators.
Chapter 7 is devoted to the free particle and the derivation of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The free particle might be thought to be the simplest quantum problem of all, but a detailed treatment of it, including both Born and Dirac normalization, serves to highlight some surprising features. Powerful tools are introduced that are of wider application, notably the Green function method and the Feynman propagator. This material paves the way for the study of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, the introduction of the current density of particles and the distinction between pure states and mixtures; the equation is applied specifically to the study of coherent states. The chapter ends with an introduction to the propagator in the general case.
In order to popularize the so called Schwinger's method we reconsider the Feynman propagator of two non-relativistic systems: a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field and a charged harmonic oscillator in a uniform magnetic field. Instead of solving the Heisenberg equations for the position and the canonical momentum operators, R and P, we apply this method by solving the Heisenberg equations for the gauge invariant operators R and pi = P-eA, the latter being the mechanical momentum operator. In our procedure we avoid fixing the gauge from the beginning and the result thus obtained shows explicitly the gauge dependence of the Feynman propagator.