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Journal of Nanophotonics

Two-particle dynamics in a Luttinger liquid

Enrico Perfetto

Published Nov 1, 2009• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the two-particle dynamics in one-dimensional (1D) electron systems described by the Tomonaga-Luttinger model. By using bosonization methods we compute analytically two different kinds of two-particle response functions. In the first case the creation of the two particles does not involve any other degree of freedom in the system, and the subsequent propagation is described by a standard two-body Green's function. This is relevant to address, e.g, the behavior of recently observed local pairs in 1D optical lattices. In the second case the creation of the two particles occurs coherently with the decay of a third localized particle. Such a condition is crucial to study the Auger transitions in 1D systems like carbon nanotubes, where two holes are left in the valence band after the decay of a core-hole.

DOI
10.1117/1.3262344

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We study the two-particle dynamics in one-dimensional (1D) electron systems described by the Tomonaga-Luttinger model. By using bosonization methods we compute analytically two different kinds of two-particle response functions. In the first case the creation of the two particles does not involve any other degree of freedom in the system, and the subsequent propagation is described by a standard two-body Green's function. This is relevant to address, e.g, the behavior of recently observed local pairs in 1D optical lattices. In the second case the creation of the two particles occurs coherently with the decay of a third localized particle. Such a condition is crucial to study the Auger transitions in 1D systems like carbon nanotubes, where two holes are left in the valence band after the decay of a core-hole.
The one-particle Green's function for the two-chain Tomonaga–Luttinger (TL) model coupled by interchain hopping including spin degrees of freedom is calculated as a function of distance and time by the higher-dimensional bosonization method. In the short distance and time region, the one-dimensional TL liquid behavior is reproduced, while the long distance and time behavior is different from that for either TL or Fermi liquid. As the interaction becomes stronger, the behavior of Green's function becomes closer to that for the one-dimensional TL liquid, showing that the one-dimensionality is enhanced for stronger electron interaction, and is interpreted as the precursor of the “confinement”.
The eect of electronic many-body interactions in one-dimensional (1D) systems is drastically enhanced compared to higher dimensions due to the restricted phasespace, often leading to strong electronic correlations. It can be shown that due to a breakdown of the Fermi liquid theory, the ground state at low temperatures becomes a Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL). In a TLL, the strength of electronic correlations is characterized by the Luttinger parameter K, ranging between K = 0 and K = 1, where K = 1 describes non-interacting electrons. Various systems, such as single-walled carbon nanotubes, 1D atomic metal chains, and MoS 2 mirror twin boundaries, have been reported to host TLLs, in which spin-degeneracy is intact.
We study the relaxation dynamics of the one-dimensional Tomonaga–Luttinger model after an interaction quench, paying particular attention to the momentum dependence of the two-particle interaction. Several potentials of different analytical forms are investigated that all lead to universal Luttinger liquid (LL) physics in equilibrium. The steady-state fermionic momentum distribution shows universal behavior in the sense of the LL phenomenology. For generic regular potentials, the large time decay of the momentum distribution function toward the steady-state value is characterized by a power law with a universal exponent that depends only on the potential at zero momentum transfer. The commonly employed ad hoc procedure fails to give this exponent. In addition to quenches from zero to positive interactions, we also consider the abrupt changes in the interaction between two arbitrary values. Additionally, we discuss the appearance of a factor of two between the steady-state momentum distribution function and that obtained in equilibrium at equal two-particle interaction.
We study the relaxation dynamics of the one-dimensional Tomonaga–Luttinger model after an interaction quench, paying particular attention to the momentum dependence of the two-particle interaction. Several potentials of different analytical forms are investigated that all lead to universal Luttinger liquid (LL) physics in equilibrium. The steady-state fermionic momentum distribution shows universal behavior in the sense of the LL phenomenology. For generic regular potentials, the large time decay of the momentum distribution function toward the steady-state value is characterized by a power law with a universal exponent that depends only on the potential at zero momentum transfer. The commonly employed ad hoc procedure fails to give this exponent. In addition to quenches from zero to positive interactions, we also consider the abrupt changes in the interaction between two arbitrary values. Additionally, we discuss the appearance of a factor of two between the steady-state momentum distribution function and that obtained in equilibrium at equal two-particle interaction.
For the one-dimensional Hubbard model we extended the bosonization technique, away from half-filling, in such a way that a general formula is obtained for the zero temperature single-particle Green function with validity over the whole doping range. Our method allows us to calculate, for the first time, the one-body Green function in both Tomonaga-Luttinger and Luther-Emery universality classes, to characterize the crossover between these two behaviors and thus, to describe the metal-insulator transition. We have found that the transition can be characterized as a Brinkman-Rice transition with a diverging effective mass.