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Physical Review B

Quantum control of exciton states in clusters of resonantly interacting fluorescent particles using biharmonic laser pumping

Irina Basieva, Tasoltan T. Basiev, Giovanni Dietler, Konstantin K. Pukhov, Sergey K. Sekatskii

Published Oct 26, 2006• 9 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The quantum control of dimers, trimers, and tetramers of resonantly interacting fluorescent particles using a biharmonic laser pumping is analyzed. Special emphasis is given on the preparation of all possible pure exciton states (e.g., for tetramers these are single-, two-, three-, and four-exciton states) and their maximally entangled Bell states. The general results are illustrated using as an example the pair and quartet centers of neodymium ions in calcium fluoride ($M$ and $N$ centers), where all necessary experimental information concerning the interactions and decoherence is available, and the experimental preparation of Bell vacuum-single exciton and vacuum-biexciton states have been recently demonstrated. These results can be easily rescaled for the cases of quantum dots and dye molecules. We show that the broad set of quantum-logic operations under such systems can be effectively performed, which again confirms their applicability as prospective quantum computer hardware. Numerical results are compared with the analytical results obtained for a particular case of the biharmonic excitation of dimers. Excellent agreement between these approaches is demonstrated.

DOI
10.1103/physrevb.74.165329

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arXiv:cond-mat/9901201•Physical Review Letters•Sep 13, 1999•188 citations
The quantum control of dimers, trimers, and tetramers of resonantly interacting fluorescent particles using a biharmonic laser pumping is analyzed. Special emphasis is given on the preparation of all possible pure exciton states (e.g., for tetramers these are single-, two-, three-, and four-exciton states) and their maximally entangled Bell states. The general results are illustrated using as an example the pair and quartet centers of neodymium ions in calcium fluoride (MMM and NNN centers), where all necessary experimental information concerning the interactions and decoherence is available, and the experimental preparation of Bell vacuum-single exciton and vacuum-biexciton states have been recently demonstrated. These results can be easily rescaled for the cases of quantum dots and dye molecules. We show that the broad set of quantum-logic operations under such systems can be effectively performed, which again confirms their applicability as prospective quantum computer hardware. Numerical results are compared with the analytical results obtained for a particular case of the biharmonic excitation of dimers. Excellent agreement between these approaches is demonstrated.
Bichromatic laser pumping is an effective tool to control (e.g., to drive into an entangled state) solid-state quantum bits of different nature. For clusters of resonantly interacting ions under bichromatic laser pumping, we present a theoretical approach and approximate analytical solution for quantum states dynamics. The solution provides an optimal ratio of laser pulse intensities needed for creating the maximally entangled states and performing quantum gates. Numerical simulation corroborates the analytical results.
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Excitons in quantum dots represent a remarkably good two-level system with a large optical dipole transition moment. Although most research currently focuses on enhancing their already outstanding properties as single photon emitters they become also increasingly interesting for experimental fundamental research due to their large dipole transition moment. This thesis presents studies which explore fundamental phenomena in quantum dots using coherent spectrocopy methods. First, we will first examine the optical properties of site-controlled quantum dots which were grown using a buried stressor via resonance fluorescence. Subsequently, we will show results that were obtained using photocurrent spectroscopy to study single quantum dots that are embedded in micropillar resonators. This is followed by a study of the Wigner time delay induced by a single quantum dot and which shows that the maximum delay is larger than its dephasing time T2 which is the theoretical limit for coherently scattered fraction. The next section demonstrates that the response of a resonantly driven two-level system which in our case is represented by an exciton in a seminconductor quantum dot depends significantly on the photon statistics of the exciting light field. Most strikingly, the Mollow triplet which we observe under coherent excitation vanishes under thermal excitation. The second part presents results concerned with the resonantly driven biexciton cascade via two- photon excitation. The coherent interaction between light field and excitons gives rise to a complex five-level system. Here, we show for the first time two-photon Rabi oscillations in the temporal domain. Furthermore, we examine the correlations between the different transitions. The measurements show that we can manipulate the time-ordering of the emitted photons by changing for example the laser power. All these studies share the resonant excitation scheme which allows for a coherent manipulation of the states of the quantum dot and grants access to phenomena typical for resonance fluorescence such as the Mollow triplet and Rabi oscillations. In particular the experiments on photon excitation spectroscopy and the studies on the dressed biexciton cascade show that fundamental effects of quantum optics can be explored in a scalable and application oriented setting using quantum dots.
Summary form only given. A single quantum dot (QD) exciton is considered as a basic unit capable of carrying one bit of quantum information (qubit). Reference has demonstrated exciton Rabi oscillations in single QD's that are equivalent to single-bit rotations. To realize two-bit quantum logic operations in the next step, it is essential to identify and coherently manipulate two interacting single QD excitons. Our earlier work shows that two-exciton entangled states not involving the biexciton can be optically induced. This paper extends the entanglement to include the biexciton and show that all four basis states of the two-exciton system can be coherently manipulated based on a coherent nonlinear optical spectroscopy technique.
We show that excitons in coupled quantum dots are ideal candidates for reliable preparation of entangled states in solid-state systems. An optically controlled exciton transfer process is shown to lead to the generation of Bell and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states in systems comprising two and three coupled dots, respectively. The strength and duration of selective light pulses for producing maximally entangled states are identified by both analytic and full numerical solution of the quantum dynamical equations. Experimental requirements to build such entangled states are discussed.