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European Quantum Electronics Conference (EQEC)

Sub-micrometric vapor cell : a new tool for spectroscopy and atom-surface interaction

G. Dutier, Alexander Yarovitski, Solomon M. Saltiel, I. Hamdi, David G. Sarkisyan, A. Papoyan, T. Varzhapetyan, Daniel Bloch, M. Ducloy

Published Jan 1, 2003• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The paper presents the prospects offered by this new tool, the extremely thin vapor cells (ETC), for laser spectroscopy and studies of the atom-surface interaction. Transmission in an ETC is presently a tool for the wings spectroscopy of the doublet Cs (6P/sub 3/2//spl rarr/6D), in an attempt to study, at a very short distance from the surface (/spl sim/5 nm), possible level crossing effects between the sapphire-repelled Cs(6D/sub 5/2/) and the sapphire-attracted Cs(6D/sub 5/2/).A general breakthrough promised by the spectroscopic study of atom-surface interaction in an ETC is the fact that it permits to study cavity-QED effects with a 2-wall cavity with atom dipole fluuctuations undergoing multipl reflections.

DOI
10.1109/eqec.2003.1314103

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The paper presents the prospects offered by this new tool, the extremely thin vapor cells (ETC), for laser spectroscopy and studies of the atom-surface interaction. Transmission in an ETC is presently a tool for the wings spectroscopy of the doublet Cs (6P/sub 3/2//spl rarr/6D), in an attempt to study, at a very short distance from the surface (/spl sim/5 nm), possible level crossing effects between the sapphire-repelled Cs(6D/sub 5/2/) and the sapphire-attracted Cs(6D/sub 5/2/).A general breakthrough promised by the spectroscopic study of atom-surface interaction in an ETC is the fact that it permits to study cavity-QED effects with a 2-wall cavity with atom dipole fluuctuations undergoing multipl reflections.
Ultra-narrow cells with the thicknesses in the range from several wavelengths to the small fractions of the wavelength brought a number of new opportunities for atomic spectroscopy. Depending on the cell thickness, spectral lines recorded in ultra-narrow cells are either Doppler-free or Doppler-broadened. With careful selection of the cell thickness hyperfine structure may be easily resolved without resorting on the multibeam nonlinear optical techniques. Moreover, frequent collisions with the walls leads to the important modifications of velocity selective optical pumping resonances. Finally, ultra-narrow cells provide with the unique opportunity to study collisions of the excited atoms with the solid surfaces. In this contribution several examples of the use of the ultra-narrow spectroscopic cells filled with the alkali atomic vapour is presented. First, we discuss general aspects of the transient polarisation that defines all peculiarities of an ultra-narrow cell as a spectroscopic tool. Second, we demonstrate the resolution of the magnetic sublevels in the transition from Zeeman to Paschen-Back regime in the Cs hyperfine structure. Third, new aspects of velocity selective optical pumping resonances in reflection and transmission of resonant radiation by the 6 wavelengths thick cell filled with Cs are discussed. Forth, the experimental evidences of the nonadiabatic transitions between excited states of Rb atoms in the course of collisions with the sapphire surface are presented.
Transmission spectroscopy in an ultrathin vapor cell, which has been recently demonstrated as a new method of sub-Doppler spectroscopy in the optical domain, is revisited. We show that, because of an unavoidable Fabry–Perot effect, the observed signal—in transmission spectroscopy and selective reflection spectroscopy as well—is actually an interferometric mixture of the optical responses as provided in transmission and in reflection by a long macroscopic cell. After the derivation of a very general solution, we restrict ourselves to the case of a linear interaction with the resonant laser. We finally discuss the application to a two-level atom for which analytical expressions are given, in the large Doppler limit, for FM transmission and reflection signals.
Atom-wall interactions play an unexpectedly important role in the atomic spectroscopy. J.L. Cojan was the first who observed and then interpreted the effects of the atom-wall interactions on the reflection spectra in the vicinity of the atomic spectral line. His observation was made on the mercury vapors of such a low concentration that the Doppler width was much larger than the homogeneous width of the atomic transition. Surprisingly, the width of the spectral line he observed in reflection was much smaller than the Doppler width. He pointed out that the atoms those leave the window posses a transient rather than the stationary polarization. This is the reason why their contribution to the reflected field differs from what was expected. M. Ducloy employed the tiny distortions of these narrow resonances in reflection spectra to measure for the first time the van der Waals constants in the excited atomic states. In our work we considered reflection from a narrow slice of atomic vapors and found a manifold of spectral line shapes depending on the width of the vapor slice that have nothing in common with the Fabri-Perot resonances. It was not until the invention of an Extremely Thin Cell (ETC) by D. Sarkisyan that the observation of these effects becomes possible in the optical domain. In the subsequent years ETC proved to be a very powerful tool of modern spectroscopy.