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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Phase-sensitive nonclassical properties of photon-added displaced squeezed thermal states

Shuai Wang, Hong-Yi Fan

Published Jun 15, 2012• 5 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate the nonclassical properties of multiple-photon-added displaced squeezed thermal states (PADSTSs). Particularly, we study the dependence of those nonclassical properties on the compound phase ϕ−θ/2 involved in squeezing and displacement parameters. We find that the Mandel Q parameter, the quadrature squeezing, the negative volume of the Wigner function, and the fidelity between PADSTSs and displaced squeezed thermal states (DSTSs) are all periodic functions of ϕ−θ/2 with a period π. Without considering the displacement parameter, these quantities are all phase independent. Finally, we investigate the non-Gaussianity of PADSTSs according to the fidelity between PADSTSs and DSTSs and find that non-Gaussianity and nonclassicality have similar behavior. Thus, the non-Gaussianity induced by the photon-addition operation is essentially nonclassical.

DOI
10.1364/josab.29.001672

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We investigate the nonclassical properties of multiple-photon-added displaced squeezed thermal states (PADSTSs). Particularly, we study the dependence of those nonclassical properties on the compound phase ϕ−θ/2 involved in squeezing and displacement parameters. We find that the Mandel Q parameter, the quadrature squeezing, the negative volume of the Wigner function, and the fidelity between PADSTSs and displaced squeezed thermal states (DSTSs) are all periodic functions of ϕ−θ/2 with a period π. Without considering the displacement parameter, these quantities are all phase independent. Finally, we investigate the non-Gaussianity of PADSTSs according to the fidelity between PADSTSs and DSTSs and find that non-Gaussianity and nonclassicality have similar behavior. Thus, the non-Gaussianity induced by the photon-addition operation is essentially nonclassical.
We study the photon-number distributions (PND) of non-Gaussian states generated by subtracting m photons from or adding m photons to a displacement squeezed thermal state (DSTS). Compared with the PND of DSTS, PND of both m-photon-subtracted DSTS (PSDSTS) and m-photon-added DSTS (PADSTS) are modulated by a factor that is a monotonically increasing function of n, the photonnumber in the resulting non-Gaussian states. And the photon subtraction or addition essentially shifts the PND. We further demonstrate that both PND are periodic functions of the compound phase ϕ−θ/2 involved in complex squeezing and displacement parameters with a period πand exhibit more remarkable oscillations than that of DSTS. In the case of small squeezing and weak coherence, we investigate the negativity of Mandel’s Q parameter and the properties of PND of both PSDSTS and PADSTS. Our results indicate that generating new photon-number-controllable nonclassical states from a squeezed light with coherent component is effective by multiple-photon subtraction or addition when ϕ−θ/2=π/2.
We investigate the nonclassical properties of the photon-added-then-subtracted coherent squeezed state(PASCSS) via the sub-Poissonian statistics,the photon-number distribution,and the negativity of the Wigner function.It is found that the PASSCS is a superposition state of D(β)S(ζ)|0>,D(β)S(ζ)|1>,and D(β)S(ζ)|2>.We find that the Mandel Q parameter,the photon-number distribution,and the negative volume of the Wigner function of the PASCSS are all periodic functions of the compound φ-θ/2 with a period π involved with squeezing and displacement parameters.
We investigate the nonclassical properties of the photon-added-then-subtracted coherent squeezed state (PASCSS) via the sub-Poissonian statistics, the photon-number distribution, and the negativity of the Wigner function. It is found that the PASCSS is a superposition state of D (β) S (ζ)|0〉, D (β) S (ζ)|1〉, and D (β) S (ζ)|2〉. We find that the Mandel Q parameter, the photon-number distribution, and the negative volume of the Wigner function of the PASCSS are all periodic functions of the compound φ − θ/2 with a period π involved with squeezing and displacement parameters.
We put forward the photon-added squeezing-enhanced thermal states (PASETS) theoretically by adding photon to the squeezed enhancing thermal states (SETS) repeatedly. Based on the normally ordered density operator of PASETS, we investigate the nonclassical behavior of the PASETS by evaluating, both analytically and numerically, Mandel's Q-parameter, photon-number distribution (PND), and Wigner function (WF). It is found that smaller squeezing parameter r and thermal photon number nc can lead to more chance of the appearance of sub-Poissonian statistics. And it is shown that the PND of PASETS exhibit more remarkable oscillations than that of SETS in stronger squeezing case. The WF exhibit partial negativity in phase space and the squeezing parameter r can result in both squeezing and rotating effect. By investigating the fidelity between PASETS and SETS shows that the fidelity tender to steady values in the high value of squeezing parameter or thermal photon number. In addition, the decoherence effect on the PASETS is examined by the time-evolution of the analytical WF in thermal channel. The results show that the PASETS shall lose nonclassicality and non-Gaussianity and reduce to classical states with Gaussian distribution after sufficient time interaction with the thermal noise. And larger photon-added number or thermal photon number shall render shorter decoherence time.
We introduce a new kind of nonclassical mixed state generated by adding arbitrary photons to a displaced thermal state, i.e., the photon-added displaced thermal state (PADTS), and obtain the normalization factor, which is simply related to two-variable Hermite polynomials. We also discuss the nonclassicality of the PADTS by considering quantum phase-space distributions. The results indicate that the value of the photon count statistics is maximum when the number of detected photons is equal to the number of added photons, and that the photon-added operation has a similar modulation effect with increasing displacement. Moreover, the negative volume of the Wigner function for the PADTS takes a maximal value for a specific photon-added number.
We investigate nonclassicality and decoherence of field states generated with the non-Gaussian operation of photon addition to a two-mode squeezed thermal state (TSTS) using the normally ordered density operator of the photon-added TSTS (PTSTS). The normalization factor of the PTSTS is just a Jacobi polynomial of the squeezing parameter γ and the average photon number n¯ of the thermal field. We show that the fields in such states exhibit remarkable quantum features, such as sub-Poissonian photon statistics, the anti-bunching effect, and photon-number distribution. The nonclassicality is discussed in phase space based on the partial negativity of the Wigner function (WF) with two-variable Hermite polynomials. The results show that the non-Gaussian WF always exhibits the quantum interference structure caused by the two-mode squeezing operation and has some negative regions for any value of n¯, γ, and the photon-addition numbers m, n. In addition, the effect of decoherence on the PTSTS in the thermal channel is studied by analytically deriving the time-evolution WF. We find that the WF becomes Gaussian (corresponding to a classical thermal state) at long times, losing its nonclassicality as a result of decoherence, and a larger m (or n) leads to a longer decoherence time κt.