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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Investigation of cold collision in a two isotope magneto-optical trap for Krypton atoms

S. Singh, Vibhuti Bhushan Tiwari, Y. B. Kale, Satya Ram Mishra, H. S. Rawat

Published Jul 23, 2015• 2 citations

Abstract

Abstract We report simultaneous cooling and trapping of metastable 84 Kr ( 84 Kr*) and metastable 86 Kr ( 86 Kr*) atoms by overlapping the cooling laser beams for these different isotopes in the same region of a magneto-optical trap (MOT). Approximately 2 × 10 5 atoms of each isotope were trapped in this two isotope-MOT (TIMOT). We have investigated the heteronuclear collision trap loss rates for each isotope due to the presence of cold atoms of other isotope using the TIMOT loading curves. The two body heteronuclear loss rate coefficient (i.e. for the loss of 84 Kr* due to presence of 86 Kr*) and the reciprocal loss rate coefficient (i.e. for the loss of 86 Kr* due to presence of 84 Kr*) are measured to be (8.7 ± 0.8) × 10 −10 cm 3 s −1 and (8.8 ± 0.8) × 10 −10 cm 3 s −1 respectively for laser beam intensity values of 21 mW cm −2 (for cooling of 84 Kr*) and 64 mW cm −2 (for cooling of 86 Kr*). The dependence of heteronuclear cold collision loss rate on cooling laser beams intensity has also been studied and compared with homonuclear cold collision loss rate.

DOI: 10.1088/0953-4075/48/17/175302

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Abstract We report simultaneous cooling and trapping of metastable 84 Kr ( 84 Kr*) and metastable 86 Kr ( 86 Kr*) atoms by overlapping the cooling laser beams for these different isotopes in the same region of a magneto-optical trap (MOT). Approximately 2 × 10 5 atoms of each isotope were trapped in this two isotope-MOT (TIMOT). We have investigated the heteronuclear collision trap loss rates for each isotope due to the presence of cold atoms of other isotope using the TIMOT loading curves. The two body heteronuclear loss rate coefficient (i.e. for the loss of 84 Kr* due to presence of 86 Kr*) and the reciprocal loss rate coefficient (i.e. for the loss of 86 Kr* due to presence of 84 Kr*) are measured to be (8.7 ± 0.8) × 10 −10 cm 3 s −1 and (8.8 ± 0.8) × 10 −10 cm 3 s −1 respectively for laser beam intensity values of 21 mW cm −2 (for cooling of 84 Kr*) and 64 mW cm −2 (for cooling of 86 Kr*). The dependence of heteronuclear cold collision loss rate on cooling laser beams intensity has also been studied and compared with homonuclear cold collision loss rate.

We investigated heteronuclear inelastic cold collisions in a mixed-species Li–Na magneto-optical trap, where the Li trap loss from collisions with Na was measured. Experimental results for the rate coefficient β Na Li for the isotopes 6 Li as well as 7 Li as a function of the Li-MOT laser intensity are presented. Furthermore, we discuss some unique characteristics of cold collisions of Na and Li which arise from (1) the very small spin–orbit splitting of Li, (2) the very small C 6 coefficients of the Na(3 2 S) + Li(2 2 P) asymptotes and (3) the very small and inverted hyperfine structure of Li.

We have realized a two-species mirror-magneto-optical trap containing a mixture of

^{87}\mathrm{Rb}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}(^{85}\mathrm{Rb})

and

^{133}\mathrm{Cs}

atoms. Using this trap, we have measured the heteronuclear collisional loss rate ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{\mathrm{Rb-Cs}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ due to intraspecies cold collisions. We find a distinct difference in the magnitude and intensity dependence of ${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{\text{Rb-Cs}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ for the two isotopes

^{87}\mathrm{Rb}

and

^{85}\mathrm{Rb}

which we attribute to the different ground-state hyperfine splitting energies of the two isotopes.

We report the measurement of one-body loss rates for magnetically trapped metastable europium atoms and the study of their loss mechanism. The loss of atoms observed in a magneto-optical trap is not fully understood because of the indivisibility of the loss regarding optical pumpings due to the presence of cooling laser beams. We magnetically trap the atoms by directly loading from the magneto-optical trap and observe almost identical one-body loss rates of approximately

2.6\,\mathrm{s^{-1}}

for two isotopes:

\mathrm{{}^{151}Eu}

and

\mathrm{{}^{153}Eu}

. Our rate-equation-based model, combined with loss rate measurements carried out with repumpers, shows that blackbody radiation at room temperature drives E1 transitions and induces the observed losses.

Storing and cooling simultaneously lithium and sodium atoms in a two-species magneto-optical trap, rate coefficients for collisions between these two atomic species were determined. The experiments were performed at different trap depths, thus for Li atoms the trap losses due to finestructure changing collisions could be distinguished from losses due to radiative escape. The rate coefficient for collisions between sodium and lithium atoms shows also a step when increasing the trap depth. The formation of cold heteronuclear molecules is claimed.

We report measurements of collisional rate constants for cold Rb atoms held in a magneto-optical trap.

^{85}\mathrm{Rb}

and

^{87}\mathrm{Rb}

display significantly different behavior. At low trap laser intensities, atoms which undergo a hyperfine-changing collision gain sufficient velocity to escape the trap. Since the hyperfine splittings are quite different for the isotopes, the loss rates display a large isotopic dependence in this regime. At higher trap laser intensities, where trap loss is due to inelastic collisions involving excited atoms, a dramatic and unexpected isotopic dependence is seen. Under identical conditions, the loss rate for

^{85}\mathrm{Rb}

is 3.3 times that of

^{87}\mathrm{Rb}

.