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Optical Fiber Communication Conference

Polarization-insensitive wavelength conversion in a lithium niobate waveguide by the cascading technique

Fabrizio Carbone, Luciano Socci, M. Romagnoli

Published Jan 1, 2002• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

We have presented a polarization insensitive wavelength converter device based on the cascading of two second order processes. The scheme is based on a double pass gain in a periodically poled LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguide and exploits the signal nonreciprocal polarization rotation obtained by a Faraday mirror. The experimentally implemented device shows a polarization sensitivity lower than 0.8 dB. A further improvement can be obtained by an optimized design of the experimental set-up.

DOI
10.1109/ofc.2002.1036679

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Oct 29, 2001•0 citations
We have presented a polarization insensitive wavelength converter device based on the cascading of two second order processes. The scheme is based on a double pass gain in a periodically poled LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguide and exploits the signal nonreciprocal polarization rotation obtained by a Faraday mirror. The experimentally implemented device shows a polarization sensitivity lower than 0.8 dB. A further improvement can be obtained by an optimized design of the experimental set-up.
We propose and experimentally demonstrate phase-regenerative wavelength conversion in periodically poled lithium niobate waveguides, using either: a single-stage implementation based on a simultaneous combination of two cascaded second-order nonlinear effects in a single periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide, or a two-stage implementation where two separate devices are used in sequence to give rise to the same nonlinear effects. The phase regeneration properties of the proposed wavelength conversion schemes are also investigated.
We report a wavelength converter based on linearly chirped gratings in a lithium niobate crystal through cascaded second-order nonlinear processes. The influence of the chirp coefficient on the conversion bandwidth and the efficiency is analysed. The exact phase matching point is optimized at the 0.33 times of the waveguide total length. When the waveguide length is 3 cm, the bandwidth of the linearly chirped grating increases 42% with the efficiency penalty of 1.7 dB compared with the periodic grating. At the same mean conversion efficiency of -1.4 dB via adjusting the waveguide total lengths, the bandwidth of the linearly chirped grating is 36% broader than the periodic grating.
We propose and demonstrate phase-sensitive amplification based on cascaded second harmonic generation and difference frequency generation within a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide. Excellent agreement between our numerical simulations and proof-of-principle experiments using a 3-cm waveguide device operating at wavelengths around 1550 nm is obtained. Our experiments confirm the validity and practicality of the approach and illustrate the broad gain bandwidths achievable. Additional simulation results show that the maximum gain/attenuation factor increases quadratically with input pump power, reaching a value of +/- 19.0 dB at input pump powers of 33 dBm for a 3 cm-long waveguide. Increased gains/reduced powers for a fixed gain could be achieved using longer crystals.
Cascaded (chi) (2) based wavelength conversions in quasi phase-matched periodically poled LiNbO3 waveguide were theoretically analyzed by the step-by-step method. The analytic expressions were obtained and analyzed in detail to reveal the physical insight of the wavelength converters based on the cascaded (chi) (2) process. In addition, the phase shift of the converted light was studied using the obtained analytic expressions. Some of the simulated results were compared with our experimental results.