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IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics

Analysis of optical bistability in a nonlinear distributively coupled resonator

Serge Dubovitsky, William H. Steier

Published Mar 1, 1992• 10 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A nonlinear distributively coupled resonator (NDCR) used as a bistable element is studied. The resonator is an integrated optics implementation of a nonlinear Fabry-Perot resonator with a variable reflectivity mirror. Under certain conditions, the intensity-dependent reflectivity and tuning of the resonator contribute constructively and enhance nonlinear properties of the device. Numerical methods are used to optimize NDCR design parameters and show that the critical intensity required for onset of bistability is reduced by 30% relative to a comparable regular Fabry-Perot. Similarly, the minimum required index change is reduced by 10%.>

DOI
10.1109/3.124981

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A nonlinear distributively coupled resonator (NDCR) used as a bistable element is studied. The resonator is an integrated optics implementation of a nonlinear Fabry-Perot resonator with a variable reflectivity mirror. Under certain conditions, the intensity-dependent reflectivity and tuning of the resonator contribute constructively and enhance nonlinear properties of the device. Numerical methods are used to optimize NDCR design parameters and show that the critical intensity required for onset of bistability is reduced by 30% relative to a comparable regular Fabry-Perot. Similarly, the minimum required index change is reduced by 10%.>
We present numerical results relative to a bistable optical device comprised of an asymmetric Fabry-Perot cavity embedding a nonlinear optical medium. Both the real and imaginary part of the third order nonlinear susceptibility are considered in our calculations. Optimized device operation, expressed in terms of the contrast ratio between the two stable states, is then discussed as a function of the different cavity parameters. The presented method can be a useful tool for designing practical devices with application in the field of all-optical switching, optical regeneration and optical signal processing.
We present numerical results relative to a bistable optical device comprised of an asymmetric Fabry-Perot cavity embedding a nonlinear optical medium. Both the real and imaginary part of the third order nonlinear susceptibility are considered in our calculations. Optimized device operation, expressed in terms of the contrast ratio between the two stable states, is then discussed as a function of the different cavity parameters. The presented method can be a useful tool for designing practical devices with application in the field of all-optical switching, optical regeneration and optical signal processing.
We present a theory of optical bistability for a Fabry-Perot cavity containing a medium with nonlinear refraction but linear absorption with only plane-wave and slowly varying envelope approximations. An analytic expression for the critical intensity Icfor the onset of bistability is derived and used to compare cavity designs. It is shown that 1) the important material parameter for minimum Icis the ration_{2}/\alpha 2) the limit to Icis set by limitations on finesse due to inhomogeneities rather than the absorption itself, and 3) the cavity design which gives lowest Icfor a given finesse is that for which the mirror transmissivity equals the absorption per pass; at high finesse this design leads to a total peak cavity transmission of 1/4 when mirror reflectivities are equal.
We present a method for calculating the dynamic input–output characteristics of a nonlinear fiber ring resonator caused by a change in input intensity. It is based on an original method developed by Bischofberger and Shen [Phys. Rev. A 19, 1169 (1979)] to study a transient nonlinear Fabry–Perot resonator. We treat a double-coupler fiber ring resonator, in which two types of optical bistability (transmission bistability and reflection bistability) are available and present the illustrative numerical results for a few cavity parameters. This analysis will be useful for a future experimental verification of optical bistability in fiber ring resonators and for the design of fiber bistable devices.
When the output parameter of an optical device could be a multivalued function of the input parameter, this device can be working in an optical bistable status. The most typical optical bistable device is a Fabry–Perot cavity containing a nonlinear optical medium, the refractive index of which depends on the light intensity. Upon the action of an intense input optical beam, the transmitted (or reflected) intensity of this device may exhibit a nonlinear response to the incident light intensity variation and, especially under appropriate working conditions, the characteristic output/input curve may manifest a single (or multiple) hysteresis loop(s). Such type of optical bistable device can be used as an optical differential amplifier, optical switch, optical limiter, optical clipper, optical discriminator, or an optical memory element, depending on the chosen nonlinear medium and operation conditions.
A new nonlinear fiber-based Fabry-Perot resonator (FFPR) is proposed for bistable optical devices in fiber optics, The device is constructed by embedding a metal-dielectric Fabry-Perot resonator containing a thermo-optic material into a single-mode fiber. The transmission and attenuation characteristics of the linear FFPR have been analyzed under Gaussian-beam approximation by the method of plane-wave expansion. The effects of the mirror separation, the thickness of the metal mirror, the coating number of the multilayer mirror, and the spacer index have been investigated numerically. Moreover optical bistability in the nonlinear FFPR has been investigated by the graphical solution. It has been found that the input-output characteristics of the proposed FFPR are strongly affected by the angular divergence of the beam in the spacer. Optical bistability has been demonstrated experimentally at the milliwatt-power levels by using a 1.3- mu m diode laser and single-mode fibers.>