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Optically Self-Induced Transparency of Exciton Excitation in a Single Semiconductor Quantum Dot

Hidehiko Kamada, T. Takagahara, H. Ando, Jiro Temmyo, Toshiaki Tamamura

Published Mar 1, 2000• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The observation of quantum mechanical interference in the exciton photoluminescence excitation (PLE) process in a semiconductor quantum dot is reported. A simple PLE spectroscopy revealed in a single InGaAs quantum dot a dynamic and continuous evolution of a resonance profile from a peak into a dip and to near transparency caused by an increase of excitation power density of only a few 100 W/cm2. A one-photon process via exciton states and a two-photon process via biexciton states, both of which return to the radiative exciton state, interfere quantum mechanically, resulting in a progressive decrease in exciton absorption under increasing excitation.

DOI
10.1002/1521-396x(200003)178:1<291::aid-pssa291>3.0.co;2-q

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The observation of quantum mechanical interference in the exciton photoluminescence excitation (PLE) process in a semiconductor quantum dot is reported. A simple PLE spectroscopy revealed in a single InGaAs quantum dot a dynamic and continuous evolution of a resonance profile from a peak into a dip and to near transparency caused by an increase of excitation power density of only a few 100 W/cm2. A one-photon process via exciton states and a two-photon process via biexciton states, both of which return to the radiative exciton state, interfere quantum mechanically, resulting in a progressive decrease in exciton absorption under increasing excitation.
We report on large optical nonlinear effects induced by coherent interactions between excitons and biexcitons in quantum dots. The absorption spectra in an exciton–biexciton system are measured in InGaAs quantum dots by using single dot spectroscopy. The spectra exhibit unusual shapes that have a transparent region under a strong excitation condition. A pump–probe measurement ensures that the exciton state is erased by a quantum interference effect with exciton and biexciton photoabsorption processes. These results suggest that optical functions such as electromagnetically induced transparency are feasible with excitons and biexcitons in quantum dots.
We report unusual excitonic absorption spectra with dip-shaped structures caused by exciton–biexciton coherent interactions in quantum dots. The exciton absorption spectrum is measured with the micro-photoluminescence excitation technique in a single InGaAs quantum dot. The spectrum changes from Lorenztian-shaped to dip-shaped with increasing excitation intensity. A theoretical analysis with the density matrix method reveals that exciton–biexciton coherent interactions create dressed states in the exciton–biexciton system and lead to the unusual absorption spectra.
Exciton-biexciton coherent coupling effects are examined in semiconductor quantum dots. The exciton absorption spectrum is measured with the microphotoluminescence excitation technique in a single InGaAs quantum dot. The spectrum changes from a Lorenztian-type line shape to an unusual dip-shaped line shape with increasing excitation intensities in a higher exciton state where there is a large oscillator strength between the exciton and biexciton states. The intensity dependence of the dip energy width clearly indicates that coherent Rabi oscillation occurs between the exciton and biexciton states. The absorption properties with excitation light of different polarizations show that the dip-shaped spectra only appear when there is a large biexciton state population with linear polarization. A theoretical analysis undertaken with the density matrix method agrees well with experimental results. This agreement reveals that exciton-biexciton coherent interactions lead to unusual absorption spectra and contribute crucially to the optical properties of quantum dots. The exciton-biexciton coherent effects provide a scheme for controlling four distinguishable states, which can be applied to a demonstration of quantum gate operations.
One- and two-photon interference visibilities observed with the exciton emission from a quantum dot microcavity single-photon source are sensitive to the excitation conditions. In particular, the coherence time of the source is reduced with increasing pump power or excitation of the barrier layers. Furthermore, the two-photon interference visibility is affected by a long lived population of the biexciton state in the dot. This suggests that two-photon interference may be improved by controlling the exciton dynamics in the dot or by improved temporal resolution of the detection set-up.