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Journal of Superconductivity

Controlled Single-Cooper-Pair Charging Effects in a Small Josephson Junction Array

Caspar H. van der Wal, Johan E. Mooij

Published Dec 1, 1999• 11 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1023/a:1007745312363

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We present observations of charging effects for Cooper pairs in short linear arrays of small-capacitance Josephson junctions. Current-voltage characteristics show a Coulomb gap for Cooper-pair tunneling when the charging energy exceeds the Josephson coupling energy. In a double junction a zero-voltage current is observed that is modulated by a gate voltage applied to the metal island between the junctions. For longer arrays a crossover from Coulomb blockade of Cooper-pair tunneling to a supercurrent is observed when the ratio of Josephson coupling to charging energy is increased.
We have investigated how the transport properties of small-Josephson-junction arrays vary depending on a quantum control parameter (the ratio of the Josephson coupling energy E J to the charging energy E C ), the magnitude of dissipation, and the dimensionality d of the system. We found that the arrays show Coulomb blockade behavior when R S is larger than about d R Q ( R Q ≡ h /4 e 2 =6.45 kΩ) and E J / E C is smaller than a threshold depending on the value of R S and the dimensionality. The result is discussed in terms of quantum phase transition induced by the charging effect and the dissipation.