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Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference

Four-wave mixing in small ensembles: from free-polarization decay to photon echoes

W. Langbeiu, Brian Patton

Published Dec 10, 2005• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We observe the transient third-order polarization emitted from individual excitonic transitions and monitor the evolution, from a free-polarization decay to a photon echo with increasing number of transitions in the inhomogeneous ensemble.
DOI
10.1109/qels.2005.1548911

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Recent transient four-wave-mixing experiments in the two-pulse photon-echo configuration performed on GaAs quantum wells have yielded the surprising result that in some samples the T2{\mathit{T}}_{2}T2​ time obtained from the polarization decay can be shorter for cross-polarized input fields than for parallel input fields. A concomitant change from photon-echo to free-induction-decay behavior has also been observed. A phenomenological model is presented which explains these observations by means of a disorder-induced coupling of the ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ exciton transitions which is inhomogeneous in coupling strength. Such coupling also leads to a remarkable change in the light-hole--heavy-hole exciton quantum beat phase as a function of pulse delay for a critical relative orientation of the polarization of the incident pulses. Experimental observations of this effect are presented to support the validity of the model.
We review our recent advances in four-wave mixing spectroscopy of single semiconductor quantum dots using heterodyne spectral interferometry, a novel implementation of transient nonlinear spectroscopy allowing the study of the transient nonlinear polarization emitted from individual electronic transitions in both amplitude and phase. We present experiments on individual excitonic transitions localized in monolayer islands of GaAs/AlAs quantum wells and in self-assembled CdTe/ZnTe quantum dots. We investigate the formation of the photon echo from individual transitions, both with increasing number of transitions in the ensemble, and in the presence of temporal jitter of the energy of a single transition. The detection of amplitude and phase of the signal allows the implementation of a two-dimensional femtosecond spectroscopy, in which mutual coherent coupling of single quantum dot states can observed and quantified.