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Optical Fiber Communication Conference

Long-Distance Quantum Communication with Multiple Quantum Memories

Mohsen Razavi, Hamidreza Farmanbar, Norbert Lütkenhaus

Published Feb 1, 2008• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The rate of entanglement generation between two distant nodes of a quantum repeater system is analytically evaluated. We consider multiple memories at each node and analyze the effect of residual entanglement on system throughput.
DOI
10.1109/ofc.2008.4528202

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Long-distance quantum communication via distant pairs of entangled quantum bits (qubits) is the first step towards secure message transmission and distributed quantum computing. To date, the most promising proposals require quantum repeaters to mitigate the exponential decrease in communication rate due to optical fiber losses. However, these are exquisitely sensitive to the lifetimes of their memory elements. We propose a multiplexing of quantum nodes that should enable the construction of quantum networks that are largely insensitive to the coherence times of the quantum memory elements.
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Quantum communications is the art of transferring a quantum state from one location to a distant one. On the application side, quantum communication is already relatively advanced with Quantum Random Number Generators and Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) systems having found niche markets. However, on the academic research side quantum communication has still a long way to go until a functional quantum repeater can extend the distances to continental scales. Quantum repeaters are based on quantum teleportation, the most fascinating application of entanglement. Additionally, quantum repeaters require quantum memories with memory times close to a second; this represents one grand challenge for quantum communication.
We present a detailed rate analysis for a hybrid quantum repeater assuming perfect memories and using optimal probabilistic entanglement generation and deterministic swapping routines. The hybrid quantum repeater protocol is based on atomic qubit-entanglement distribution through optical coherent-state communication. An exact, analytical formula for the rates of entanglement generation in quantum repeaters is derived, including a study on the impacts of entanglement purification and multiplexing strategies. More specifically, we consider scenarios with as little purification as possible and we show that for sufficiently low local losses, such purifications are still more powerful than multiplexing. In a possible experimental scenario, our hybrid system can create near-maximally entangled (F=0.98F=0.98F=0.98) pairs over a distance of 1280 km at rates of the order of 100 Hz.
First-generation quantum repeaters are essential in distributing entanglement over long distances since they could mitigate losses in optical fiber. Repeaters split the total distance into shorter, easier to generate links. Then, entanglement swapping establishes long range entanglement by performing local measurements at the repeaters and heralding their results. In this work, we develop an analytical model that estimates the impact of decoherence during heralding for a given protocol. Furthermore, we identify a competition between two phenomena: as repeater count increases, so does entanglement generation, but the additive impact of memory decoherence on final entanglement rate increases too. Therefore, we find that an optimal number of repeaters exists. These findings could lead the design of future quantum networks, both in the inter-repeater distance and swapping timings.