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IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics

Statistical fluctuations in optical bistability induced by shot noise

S. L. McCall, Seth Ovadia, H. M. Gibbs, F. A. Hopf, D. Kaplan

Published Sep 1, 1985• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Using a hybrid bistable optical device with a large photon shot noise, we have observed fluctuations and spontaneous transitions between the two states. The experimental results are compared with various discrete and exact models. Although the solution to the problem is not exact, good agreement is found with all the approximate models if one allows the counting rates to be adjustable.

DOI
10.1109/jqe.1985.1072849

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Using a hybrid bistable optical device with a large photon shot noise, we have observed fluctuations and spontaneous transitions between the two states. The experimental results are compared with various discrete and exact models. Although the solution to the problem is not exact, good agreement is found with all the approximate models if one allows the counting rates to be adjustable.
The behavior of an optical bistable system in which the fluctuations play the dominant role has been studied on the basis of a Fokker-Planck description by Schenzle and Brand.1 However, all the analyses so far approximate the fluctuations as arising from a constant external noise source described by a δ-correlated, Gaussian random process.2,3 In this paper intensity-dependent shot noise fluctuations of a bistable system are experimentally studied for the first time, using a hybrid bistable optical device, and analyzed by a simple “ladder" model that fits the data well.
Fluctuational transitions between stable states of an all-optical lumped-parameter bistable system have been observed. The dependences of the transition probabilities, and of the statistical distribution of the transmitted-light intensity, on the intensities of incident light and noise have been investigated. Two types of stochastic modulation, that of the incident-light intensity and that of the device itself, have been used. They correspond to multiplicative and additive noise for the intracavity-phase gain and give rise to qualitatively different pictures of the fluctuations. In particular, for the latter type of noise the logarithm of the statistical distribution of the transmitted-light intensity is described by a multibranch function, and the peaks of the distribution are strongly asymmetric. The onset of a zero-frequency peak in the power spectrum of the transmitted light in the range of the kinetic phase transition has been observed. The experimental data are in good qualitative and quantitative agreement with the theory.
Fluctuational transitions between the stable states of a passive optically bistable device have been observed and investigated theoretically and experimentally in the absence of spatial effects (for a lumped-parameter system). The problem of calculation of transition probabilities in dynamical systems driven by weak Gaussian noise has been reduced to logarithmic accuracy to a variational problem which is solved for some types of colored noise. The procedure of the experimental determination of the transition probabilities from the data on transmitted intensity is proposed for the case of a broad-band noise in the intensity of incident radiation. The onset of an extremely narrow peak in the power spectrum of the system in the range of the kinetic phase transition is revealed.