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IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics

Standing-wave effect in laser-saturation experiments or when 2 is less than 1

Hendrik J. Gerritsen, Gerard Nienhuis

Published Apr 1, 1975• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

It is pointed out that, in order to obtain as large a population as possible in the upper state by laser pumping, the product of laser intensity and saturation parameter determines whether one gains or loses by reflecting the laser beam back into the saturated sample. Switching the polarization of the linearly polarized return beam by 90° eliminates this problem and is always advantageous.

DOI
10.1109/jqe.1975.1068579

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Abstract We present a study of optical phase conjugation through degenerate four-wave mixing in CuCl, as a function of light frequency, intensity, polarization and sample temperature. The phase-conjugate signal exhibits two maxima at the frequencies of the T5 exciton (one-photon resonance) and of the biexciton (two-photon resonance). By appropriate combinations of the input beam polarizations, it is possible to single out the various terms contributing to the signal (small-spaced, large-spaced population grating and two-photon coherent excitation). The absolute value of X(3) responsible for the two-photon resonance has been determined ( x(3) (-w,w,w, -w) = 3.10-7 e.s.u.). It leads to ‘mirror’ efficiencies of the order of 10% for input pump intensities I0 » 105 W cm -2 and sample thickness d» 10-4 cm. At higher I0, a saturation of the reflection takes place. The variation of the conjugate beam with temperature has been studied in the range 15 K < T <70 K. Finally, the phase-conjugate nature of the signal has been verified by inserting an aberrator in the path of the input probe beam, and by checking the reconstruction of the reflected beam.

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series A Mathematical and Physical Sciences•Dec 18, 1984•2 citations
It is pointed out that, in order to obtain as large a population as possible in the upper state by laser pumping, the product of laser intensity and saturation parameter determines whether one gains or loses by reflecting the laser beam back into the saturated sample. Switching the polarization of the linearly polarized return beam by 90° eliminates this problem and is always advantageous.
Degenerate four-wave mixing with orthogonally polarized pump beams at /spl lambda/=1.06 /spl mu/m in the saturable gain of a flash-lamp-pumped Nd:YAG amplifier is investigated, both experimentally and theoretically, using pulses of duration much less than the population relaxation time. We introduce a new set of coupled-wave equations in this short pulse regime that includes the effect of the four interacting waves and the laser gain experienced by all the beams. The dependence of the efficiency of the process on the small-intensity-gain-length product, beam ratios, and fluences is analyzed. A reflectivity of a weak probe beam of 25 percent and a transmission-gain-grating diffraction efficiency of 32 percent are achieved. Finally, the temporal shape of the conjugate signal is studied for various gain-saturation regimes.>
We model transient copolarized degenerate four-wave mixing in a saturable gain medium, using pulses of duration much shorter than the population lifetime with a finite probe beam. Initially we describe a model to include the simultaneous existence of both the reflection and transmission gratings for arbitrary field strengths. Then we develop a model to include all four possible gratings, including standing-wave gratings between counterpropagating pump beams and the probe and conjugate beams. By use of two expansion methods for the higher-order grating terms it is possible to model regimes in which either one grating is arbitrarily strong or all four gratings are strong. Comparisons are made among models including one, two, and four gratings. Good agreement is found between the theoretical four-grating case and pulsed copolarized degenerate four-wave mixing experiments in laser-pumped Ti:sapphire for a finite probe beam.
Abstract We present a study of optical phase conjugation through degenerate four-wave mixing in CuCl, as a function of light frequency, intensity, polarization and sample temperature. The phase-conjugate signal exhibits two maxima at the frequencies of the T5 exciton (one-photon resonance) and of the biexciton (two-photon resonance). By appropriate combinations of the input beam polarizations, it is possible to single out the various terms contributing to the signal (small-spaced, large-spaced population grating and two-photon coherent excitation). The absolute value of X(3) responsible for the two-photon resonance has been determined ( x(3) (-w,w,w, -w) = 3.10-7 e.s.u.). It leads to ‘mirror’ efficiencies of the order of 10% for input pump intensities I0 » 105 W cm -2 and sample thickness d» 10-4 cm. At higher I0, a saturation of the reflection takes place. The variation of the conjugate beam with temperature has been studied in the range 15 K < T <70 K. Finally, the phase-conjugate nature of the signal has been verified by inserting an aberrator in the path of the input probe beam, and by checking the reconstruction of the reflected beam.