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IEEE/LEOS Summer Topical Meetings

Gigahertz Clocked Quantum Key Distribution in Passive Optical Networks

Verónica Fernández, Robert John Collins, Karen J. Gordon, Paul D. Townsend, Gerald S. Buller

Published Sep 22, 2006• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Two multi-user approaches to fiber-based quantum key distribution systems operating at gigahertz clock frequencies are presented, both compatible with standard telecommunications fiber
DOI
10.1109/leosst.2006.1694005

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We present recent results on an innovative fiber based short wavelength gigahertz clock rate quantum key distribution system operating over a standard telecommunications optical fiber quantum channel. This system is designed to be robust against environmentally induced changes in the polarization evolution of the photons in the optical fiber quantum channel and against path-length drift in the interferometers which could otherwise compromise system performance. Experimental results are presented for error rate, net bit rate and stability for different silicon single-photon avalanche diode detector types.
In recent years quantum information research has lead to the discovery of a number of remarkable new paradigms for information processing and communication. These developments include quantum cryptography schemes that offer unconditionally secure information transport guaranteed by quantum-mechanical laws. Such potentially disruptive security technologies could be of high strategic and economic value in the future. Two major issues confronting researchers in this field are the transmission range (typically <100km) and the key exchange rate, which can be as low as a few bits per second at long optical fiber distances. This paper describes further research of an approach to significantly enhance the key exchange rate in an optical fiber system at distances in the range of 1-20km. We will present results on a number of application scenarios, including point-to-point links and multi-user networks. Quantum key distribution systems have been developed, which use standard telecommunications optical fiber, and which are capable of operating at clock rates of up to 2GHz. They implement a polarization-encoded version of the B92 protocol and employ vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with emission wavelengths of 850 nm as weak coherent light sources, as well as silicon single-photon avalanche diodes as the single photon detectors. The point-to-point quantum key distribution system exhibited a quantum bit error rate of 1.4%, and an estimated net bit rate greater than 100,000 bits-1 for a 4.2 km transmission range.
In this paper we demonstrate the application of multi-user quantum key distribution (QKD) to typical broadband fibrebased passive optical access links to metropolitan area networks. We propose a technique to utilize the currently unused 850nm waveband in standard telecommunications fiber for QKD in two network architectures. Net bit rates of up to 100's of kilobits-1 were achieved for each receiver, depending on the network topology. The transmission distances between sender and receivers were compatible with the typical span of optical access links ( ≤ 10km).