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Journal of Low Temperature Physics

Polaronic Properties of an Ion in a Bose-Einstein Condensate in the Strong-Coupling Limit

Wim Casteels, Jacques Tempere, J. T. Devreese

Published Nov 22, 2010• 45 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1007/s10909-010-0286-0

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Abstract The Bose polaron is a quasiparticle that arises from the interaction between impurities and Bogoliubov excitation in Bose–Einstein condensates, analogous to the polaron formed by electrons and phonons in solid-state physics. In this paper, we investigate the effect of phase separation on weakly coupled and strongly coupled Bose polarons. Our findings reveal that phase separation induces a remarkable alteration in the properties of weakly coupled Bose polarons. However, in the case of strong coupling, phase separation cannot destroy the highly self-trapping state of Bose polarons.
The application of optical lattices allows a tuning of the geometry of Bose-Einstein condensates to effectively reduced dimensions. In the context of solid-state physics the consideration of the low-dimensional Fr\"ohlich polaron results in an extension of the polaronic strong coupling regime. With this motivation we apply the Jensen-Feynman variational principle to calculate the ground-state properties of the polaron consisting of an impurity in a Bose-Einstein condensate in reduced dimensions. Also the response of this system to Bragg scattering is calculated. We show that reducing the dimension leads to a larger amplitude of the polaronic features and is expected to facilitate the experimental observation of polaronic properties. In optical lattices not only Feshbach resonances but also confinement-induced resonances can be used to tune the polaronic coupling strength. This opens up the possibility to experimentally reveal the intermediate and strong polaronic coupling regimes and resolve outstanding theoretical questions regarding polaron theory.
We present an experimental system to study the Bose polaron by immersion of single, well-controllable neutral Cs impurities into a Rb Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). We show that, by proper optical traps, independent control over impurity and BEC allows for precision relative positioning of the two sub-systems as well as for dynamical studies and independent read-out. We furthermore estimate that measuring the polaron binding energy of Fröhlich-type Bose polarons in the low and intermediate coupling regime is feasible with our experimental constraints and limitations discussed, and we outline how a parameter regime can be reached to characterize differences between Fröhlich and Bose-polaron in the strong coupling regime.