Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Physical Review A

Pressure broadening of Rb D 1 and D 2 lines by 3 He, 4 He, N 2 , and Xe: Line cores and near wings

M. V. Romalis, E. Miron, G. D. Cates

Published Dec 1, 1997• 208 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We studied the line shape of Rb ${D}_{1}$ and ${D}_{2}$ resonance lines in the presence of 1--10 amg of several gases: ${}^{3}$He, ${}^{4}$He, N${}_{2}$, and Xe. We found that the line cores are well described by the asymmetric line shape expected for a van der Waals interatomic potential. The width and shift of the lines is proportional to the density of the foreign gas with high degree of accuracy, while the asymmetry is independent of the density. The constants of proportionality for pressure broadening and shift were measured with much higher accuracy than in previous experiments. We also studied the density dependence of the oscillator strength of the transitions.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.56.4569

Related papers

Broadening of the Rb resonance lines by the noble gases

Ch. Ottinger, Richard Scheps, George W. York +1 more

Normalized emission spectra of the optically excited Rb resonance lines (7800 \AA{}, 7948 \AA{}) have been measured in the presence of He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe for about 50 \AA{} on either side of the lines. The perturber gas pressures were in the range 100-1100 Torr and the temperature was 318 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The spectra, normalized to the total emission, are shown to be due to binary collisions. Shifts and widths of the Lorentzian cores of the lines were obtained, at pressures sufficiently low for impact theory to apply. The widths are corrected for the Rb hfs and the instrument function. Various power-law fits to the near-wing intensities are presented and compared to theoretical expectations. The red satellites reported by other authors are found to be, in the low-pressure limit, mere shoulders on the line wing for Ar and Kr, while Xe barely produces an actual peak. The measured linewidths and shifts are compared to previous measurements.

Physical Review A•Jun 1, 1975•76 citations

Resonance Broadening of the Sodium D Lines

Kenichi Watanabe

By direct measurement of the contours of the line wings, the resonance broadening of the sodium $D$ lines in absorption was determined for vapor pressures of sodium ranging from ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ to 70 mm Hg with negligible amount of foreign gases. Over nearly the entire range, the half-intensity width varied linearly with the density of the absorbing atoms; i.e., $\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\frac{1}{2}}}{N}=0.80\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ ${\mathrm{sec}.}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$---the constant being 1.6 times that predicted by theory but much less than the corresponding experimental results for potassium. Above 5 mm pressure, $\ensuremath{\Delta}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ increased slightly faster than $N$; moreover, the contour for the absorption coefficient was more adequately represented by an inverse cube contour than by the inverse square. Somewhat in contradiction to theory, the relative width, $\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\frac{1}{2},8}}{\ensuremath{\Delta}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\frac{1}{2},l}}$ was 1.12. No definite evidence of van der Waals force was observed at the higher pressures; likewise no appreciable shifts or asymmetries. The natural width measured was consistent with previous results.

Physical Review•Jan 15, 1941•42 citations

Pressure broadening and frequency shift of the D1 and D2 lines of Rb and K in the presence of 3 He and N 2

K. A. Kluttz, Todd D. Averett, Brian A. Wolin

We report the results of a study of the pressure broadening and resonant frequency shift of the absorption profiles of the ${D}_{1}$ and ${D}_{2}$ lines of Rb and K in the presence of ${}^{3}$He and N${}_{2}$ gases over a range of number densities. We have also examined the temperature dependence of the broadening and shift over a range of approximately 340 to 400 K. We compare our results for the broadening and shift coefficients for Rb ${D}_{1}$ and ${D}_{2}$ to current values and present coefficients for K ${D}_{1}$ and ${D}_{2}$.

Physical Review A•Mar 25, 2013•40 citations

Asymmetry in the pressure-broadened strontium resonance line induced by rare gas perturbers

Y. C. Chan, Jerry A. Gelbwachs

The spectral lineshapes of the Sr (51P1–51P0) resonance transition perturbed by rare gases have been examined with a high-resolution laser-induced fluorescence method. In He and Ne, the collisional broadened spectral profiles are found to be symmetrical over the entire studied pressure range (0–600 Torr). The resulting line shapes are accurately represented by a simple Voigt profile expression. The Ar, Kr, and Xe perturbing gases, however, produce anomalous asymmetrical line broadening. To our knowledge, this represents the first measurement of asymmetrical broadening in the near wings of the emission profiles of the Sr-rare gas systems. Quantitative comparisons of the measured and theoretical line asymmetries suggest that atomic interactions in the Sr-rare gas systems are not entirely due to van der Waals (R-6)-type interactions. The line asymmetries could be caused by the correlations between thermal motions of the Sr atoms and collisional interactions.

Annual Meeting Optical Society of America•Jan 1, 1992•0 citations

Pressure dependence of Na resonance line broadening by Kr and Xe

W.P. West, Alan C. Gallagher

The fluorescent spectrum of the Na $D$ lines, pressure broadened by Xe and Kr, has been measured for noble-gas densities of 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{19}$-3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{20}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$; at the lower density, the lines are isolated while, at the higher, they are severely blended. The spectra are obtained in normalized intensity units allowing the nonbinary behavior of the line wing intensity to be clearly observed. At the lower density the broadening is well characterized by isolated binary interactions; at the higher density multiple-perturber interactions dominate. Nonlinearities in the pressure dependence of shifts, widths, and satellite shape are reported.

Physical Review A•Apr 1, 1978•35 citations

Pressure Effects of Homogeneous Rubidium Vapor on Its Resonance Lines

Shang-Yi Ch'en

The broadening of the resonance lines of rubidium in absorption under pressures up to 150 mm of its own homogeneous vapor was studied by means of a 21-foot grating. Under pressures below 1 mm the broadening of the lines was very symmetrical and the line contours could be described by the dispersion formula, but when the pressure was high the lines exhibited asymmetrical broadening of van der Waals type. The $^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}$ component showed red, while the $^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ component showed violet asymmetry. Both lines showed the proportionality of the width with $N$, the concentration of Rb atoms. The experimental width at half-maximum is greater than that predicted by Houston's theory by a factor of 1.5 and the width of the transition from $^{3}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ is greater than that from $^{3}P_{\frac{1}{2}}$ by a factor of 1.6. A narrow diffuse band was observed near the shorter wave-length side of the $^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}$ component and a similar one near the longer wave-length side of the $^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}$ component.

Physical Review•Nov 15, 1940•40 citations
We studied the line shape of Rb D1{D}_{1}D1​ and D2{D}_{2}D2​ resonance lines in the presence of 1--10 amg of several gases: 3{}^{3}3He, 4{}^{4}4He, N2{}_{2}2​, and Xe. We found that the line cores are well described by the asymmetric line shape expected for a van der Waals interatomic potential. The width and shift of the lines is proportional to the density of the foreign gas with high degree of accuracy, while the asymmetry is independent of the density. The constants of proportionality for pressure broadening and shift were measured with much higher accuracy than in previous experiments. We also studied the density dependence of the oscillator strength of the transitions.
Normalized emission spectra of the optically excited Rb resonance lines (7800 \AA{}, 7948 \AA{}) have been measured in the presence of He, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe for about 50 \AA{} on either side of the lines. The perturber gas pressures were in the range 100-1100 Torr and the temperature was 318 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The spectra, normalized to the total emission, are shown to be due to binary collisions. Shifts and widths of the Lorentzian cores of the lines were obtained, at pressures sufficiently low for impact theory to apply. The widths are corrected for the Rb hfs and the instrument function. Various power-law fits to the near-wing intensities are presented and compared to theoretical expectations. The red satellites reported by other authors are found to be, in the low-pressure limit, mere shoulders on the line wing for Ar and Kr, while Xe barely produces an actual peak. The measured linewidths and shifts are compared to previous measurements.
By direct measurement of the contours of the line wings, the resonance broadening of the sodium DDD lines in absorption was determined for vapor pressures of sodium ranging from ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ to 70 mm Hg with negligible amount of foreign gases. Over nearly the entire range, the half-intensity width varied linearly with the density of the absorbing atoms; i.e., $\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\frac{1}{2}}}{N}=0.80\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$ ${\mathrm{sec}.}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$---the constant being 1.6 times that predicted by theory but much less than the corresponding experimental results for potassium. Above 5 mm pressure, $\ensuremath{\Delta}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\frac{1}{2}}$ increased slightly faster than NNN; moreover, the contour for the absorption coefficient was more adequately represented by an inverse cube contour than by the inverse square. Somewhat in contradiction to theory, the relative width, $\frac{\ensuremath{\Delta}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\frac{1}{2},8}}{\ensuremath{\Delta}{\ensuremath{\nu}}_{\frac{1}{2},l}}$ was 1.12. No definite evidence of van der Waals force was observed at the higher pressures; likewise no appreciable shifts or asymmetries. The natural width measured was consistent with previous results.
We report the results of a study of the pressure broadening and resonant frequency shift of the absorption profiles of the D1{D}_{1}D1​ and D2{D}_{2}D2​ lines of Rb and K in the presence of 3{}^{3}3He and N2{}_{2}2​ gases over a range of number densities. We have also examined the temperature dependence of the broadening and shift over a range of approximately 340 to 400 K. We compare our results for the broadening and shift coefficients for Rb D1{D}_{1}D1​ and D2{D}_{2}D2​ to current values and present coefficients for K D1{D}_{1}D1​ and D2{D}_{2}D2​.
The spectral lineshapes of the Sr (51P1–51P0) resonance transition perturbed by rare gases have been examined with a high-resolution laser-induced fluorescence method. In He and Ne, the collisional broadened spectral profiles are found to be symmetrical over the entire studied pressure range (0–600 Torr). The resulting line shapes are accurately represented by a simple Voigt profile expression. The Ar, Kr, and Xe perturbing gases, however, produce anomalous asymmetrical line broadening. To our knowledge, this represents the first measurement of asymmetrical broadening in the near wings of the emission profiles of the Sr-rare gas systems. Quantitative comparisons of the measured and theoretical line asymmetries suggest that atomic interactions in the Sr-rare gas systems are not entirely due to van der Waals (R-6)-type interactions. The line asymmetries could be caused by the correlations between thermal motions of the Sr atoms and collisional interactions.
The fluorescent spectrum of the Na DDD lines, pressure broadened by Xe and Kr, has been measured for noble-gas densities of 2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1019{10}^{19}1019-3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1020{10}^{20}1020 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$; at the lower density, the lines are isolated while, at the higher, they are severely blended. The spectra are obtained in normalized intensity units allowing the nonbinary behavior of the line wing intensity to be clearly observed. At the lower density the broadening is well characterized by isolated binary interactions; at the higher density multiple-perturber interactions dominate. Nonlinearities in the pressure dependence of shifts, widths, and satellite shape are reported.
The broadening of the resonance lines of rubidium in absorption under pressures up to 150 mm of its own homogeneous vapor was studied by means of a 21-foot grating. Under pressures below 1 mm the broadening of the lines was very symmetrical and the line contours could be described by the dispersion formula, but when the pressure was high the lines exhibited asymmetrical broadening of van der Waals type. The 2P12^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}2P21​​ component showed red, while the 2P32^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}2P23​​ component showed violet asymmetry. Both lines showed the proportionality of the width with NNN, the concentration of Rb atoms. The experimental width at half-maximum is greater than that predicted by Houston's theory by a factor of 1.5 and the width of the transition from 3P32^{3}P_{\frac{3}{2}}3P23​​ is greater than that from 3P12^{3}P_{\frac{1}{2}}3P21​​ by a factor of 1.6. A narrow diffuse band was observed near the shorter wave-length side of the 2P12^{2}P_{\frac{1}{2}}2P21​​ component and a similar one near the longer wave-length side of the 2P32^{2}P_{\frac{3}{2}}2P23​​ component.