Blending two alternative approaches to quantum measurement

William George Unruh

Vasileios K. Mappas, Bogdan Dorneanu, Eduardo Nolasco +2 more

Industrial optimization challenges, such as the pooling and blending problem (PBP), require advanced computational methods to address non-convexity and scalability limitations in classical solvers. This work introduces a novel methodological framework for solving PBPs using quantum annealing (QA) that transforms the PBP into quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) formulations at two resolution levels, enabling direct deployment on quantum annealers. Key innovations include a discretization technique tailored for PBP’s bilinear constraints and an embedding method optimized for current quantum hardware. Benchmarking against classical solvers focuses on Haverly’s classical three-stream PBP, enabling transparent comparison and development of quantum embedding and solution techniques. The proposed framework offers a scalable template for adapting similar engineering systems to quantum annealing architectures. Addressing genuine industrial-scale instances will require future advances in quantum hardware and embedding algorithms. The results demonstrate that QA exhibits the best performance among the examined alternatives, provide foundational insights towards leveraging QA in Process Systems Engineering.

Michael Hatridge

Sebahattin Kartal, Эрдоган Оздемир

Quantum superposition is one of the most challenging concepts in introductory quantum physics. This paper proposes a simple “blended cat” classroom demonstration designed to support the teaching of quantum superposition. The model consists of a double-sided rotating plate displaying two mutually exclusive states. When spun, the images appear visually blended; when stopped, a single state is observed. The demonstration is not intended as a physical representation of a quantum system but as a conceptual tool to initiate discussion about the meaning of superposition and measurement. Through guided questioning, students are encouraged to reflect on what it means for a system to be in a superposed state and how measurement determines observable outcomes. The activity provides an accessible and engaging entry point for introducing quantum superposition in secondary and introductory university physics courses.

Qinghao Wen, Zihao Ren, Lei Wang +2 more

In this paper, we develop a blended dynamics framework for open quantum networks with diffusive couplings. The network consists of qubits interconnected through Hamiltonian couplings, environmental dissipation, and consensus-like diffusive interactions. Such networks commonly arise in spontaneous emission processes and non-Hermitian quantum computing, and their evolution follows a Lindblad master equation. Blended dynamics theory is well established in the classical setting as a tool for analyzing emergent behaviors in heterogeneous networks with diffusive couplings. Its key insight is to blend the local dynamics rather than the trajectories of individual nodes. Perturbation analysis then shows that, under sufficiently strong coupling, all node trajectories tend to stay close to those of the blended system over time. We first show that this theory extends naturally to the reduced-state dynamics of quantum networks, revealing classical-like clustering phenomena in which qubits converge to a shared equilibrium or a common trajectory determined by the quantum blended reduced-state dynamics. We then extend the analysis to qubit coherent states using quantum Laplacians and induced graphs, proving orbit attraction of the network density operator toward the quantum blended coherent dynamics, establishing the emergence of intrinsically quantum and dynamically clustering behaviors. Finally, numerical examples validate the theoretical results.

Francisco Delgado

Quantum information is an emerging area of research which is growing rapidly and which is expecting to have a deep impact in the speed of information processing, storage and security.With only few decades of development, that trend has been highlighted as a remarkable economic focus for the development.Despite, this research area is barely identified in the general society as a source of opportunities for the personal development.The academic development for the most universities reacts slowly to these changes.Their educative programs are normally static with only some late adaptations to the newest technology or knowledge advancement, incorporating them in a limited strength.This research area, normally thought by the common people as proper for physicists, it is really open for lots of disciplines in nowadays.Any area with complex problems unable to be attained by classical computing could technically to be involved in this research trend.Thus, alternative new professional areas are emerging without be sufficiently visible for the universities in order to move the most traditional areas of education.Thus, in the next years, some emergent areas could be eclipsed in terms of human resources.In this arena, blended learning could contribute to provide novel educative contents as an alternative or complementary education to the main professional area selected.While, the blended learning approach is being developed to reach the most sectors of population with professional and university education.Strategies of blended learning are considered remarkable either for formal education as well specialized education to disseminate new trends not included in the traditional syllabus but important for the professional development of students.Because that is the case for Quantum information and Quantum computation areas having an explosive development just in the last decade, this work describes the outcomes around a blended learning initiative in the form of an educative suite for those areas with a multidisciplinary approach containing courses oriented to arrive into the formal research.Still, they are departing from the scientific divulgation until research collaboration going on through the formal learning.Suite was conceptualized with a multilevel approach to attract and to involve students from high school until graduate level.