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AIP conference proceedings

Semiconductor Single Photon Devices for Quantum Information Processing

O. Thomas, C. L. Salter, Anthony J. Bennett, R. M. Stevenson, Matthew A. Pooley, M. B. Ward, Raj B. Patel, A. Boyer de la Giroday, Niklas Sköld, Ian A. Farrer, Christine A. Nicoll, D. A. Ritchie, A. J. Shields, Timothy C. Ralph, Ping Koy Lam

Published Jan 1, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present our recent progress in the development of semiconductor devices for photonic quantum information processing. We demonstrate the first electrically driven quantum dot entangled light source as well as a device in which we are able to tune the exciton spin splitting in order to generate entangled photon pairs. A practical and high‐speed photon number detector based on a fast‐gated silicon avalanche photodiode is also shown.

DOI
10.1063/1.3630208

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We present our recent progress in the development of semiconductor devices for photonic quantum information processing. We demonstrate the first electrically driven quantum dot entangled light source as well as a device in which we are able to tune the exciton spin splitting in order to generate entangled photon pairs. A practical and high‐speed photon number detector based on a fast‐gated silicon avalanche photodiode is also shown.
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For the past fifteen years, single semiconductor quantum dots, often referred to as solid-state artificial atoms, have been at the forefront of various research direction lines for experimental quantum information science, in particular in the development of practical sources of quantum states of light. Here we review the research to date, on the tailoring of the emission properties from single quantum dots producing single photons, indistinguishable single photons and entangled photon pairs. Finally, the progress and future prospects for applications of single dots in quantum information processing is considered.
For scalable applications of optical quantum information it is desirable to have a well controlled source of photons, producing single photons or entangled-pairs on-demand. The finite delay following decay of an exciton confined in a quantum dot makes them a good source of single photons, we demonstrate this, triggering the emission with a pulsed laser. Currently the most widely used techniques for generating entangled photon pairs are nonlinear optical processes, such as parametric down conversion, which produces a probabilistic number of pairs per excitation cycle. Such a source is of limited use in quantum information/processing applications where a regular stream of single entangled photon pairs is preferable. We produced such a triggered source from a semiconductor device for the first time, using the two-photon cascade from a biexciton confined in a single quantum dot. We demonstrate a fidelity of 70% for the emission from the biexciton cascade to the expected bell state. Single quantum dots could prove to be the first robust and compact triggered source of entangled photons.
The generation of entangled photon pairs is a fundamental cornerstone of quantum optics, and an essential technology in the high profile field of quantum communication and computing. Currently the most widely used techniques for generating entangled photon pairs are nonlinear optical processes, such as parametric down conversion, which produce a probabilistic number of pairs per excitation cycle. Such a source is of limited use in quantum information/processing applications where a regular stream of single entangled photon pairs is usually required. We have produced such a triggered source from a semiconductor device for the first time, using a two-photon cascade in a single quantum dots, demonstrating efficiencies up to 70%, close to the level required for useful applications. Single quantum dots could prove to be the first robust and compact triggered source of entangled photons.
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Abstract Single-photon sources are building blocks for photonic quantum information processes. Of the many single-photon generation schemes, electrically driven single-photon sources have the advantages of realizing monolithic integration of quantum light sources and detectors without optical filtering, thus greatly simplify the integrated quantum photonic circuits. Here, we review recent advances on electrically driven single-photon sources based on solid-state quantum emitters, such as semiconductor epitaxial quantum dots, colloidal quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, molecules, and defect states in diamond, SiC and layered semiconductors. In particular, the merits and drawbacks of each system are discussed. Finally, the article is concluded by discussing the challenges that remain for electrically driven single-photon sources.