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Physical Review Letters

Novel Principle for a Tunable Amplification of Microwaves Driven by a Laser Radiation

В. П. Гавриленко, Eugene Oks

Published May 8, 1995• 13 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The interaction of a dipole gas with a strong laser field ${E}_{1}(t)$ and a strong, much lower frequency electric field ${E}_{2}(t)$ is analytically investigated. A theory of stimulated scattering in dipole gases is developed and used in numerical calculations of the amplification of the field ${E}_{2}(t)$ under resonance conditions. This theory may serve as a basis for constructing tunable devices for the generation and/or amplification of infrared or microwave radiation. Such devices may make inroads into a wavelength range longer than that of analogous devices based on the traditional stimulated Raman scattering in nondipole media.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.74.3796

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The interaction of a dipole gas with a strong laser field E1(t){E}_{1}(t)E1​(t) and a strong, much lower frequency electric field E2(t){E}_{2}(t)E2​(t) is analytically investigated. A theory of stimulated scattering in dipole gases is developed and used in numerical calculations of the amplification of the field E2(t){E}_{2}(t)E2​(t) under resonance conditions. This theory may serve as a basis for constructing tunable devices for the generation and/or amplification of infrared or microwave radiation. Such devices may make inroads into a wavelength range longer than that of analogous devices based on the traditional stimulated Raman scattering in nondipole media.
An interaction of an atomic/molecular medium with two strong electric fields E L (t) and E M (t) is investigated. The frequency omega L of the first (laser) field E L (t) is close to a transition frequency omega 21 between an upper (2) and a lower (1) atomic levels while the second field E M (t) is of a much lower frequency omega M << omega 21 . The medium is a dipole gas characterized by a nonzero averaged value of electric dipole moment in the states 1 and/or 2. As analytical solution of equations for the density matrix of a dipole atom/molecule interacting with the fields E L (t) and E M (t) is found using the second approximation of the averaging method by Krylov-Bogoliubov-Mitropolskii. The solution obtained is valid in a much broader range of field strengths than an analogous solution that could have been found by the usual time-dependent perturbation theory. Using the solution obtained for the density matrix, polarization of a dipole gas interacting with the fields E L (t) and E M (t) is analytically calculated. This analytical expression for polarization of such media can be utilized for study of various nonlinear optical phenomena. One of the phenomena is a generation of waves at frequencies omega L +or-p omega M and (p+1) omega M (where p=1,2,3,...) in a dipole gas. Another phenomenon is an amplification of the incident wave of the lower frequency omega M due to a stimulated scattering in a dipole gas.
The influence of a strong field resonant to the Raman transition on the behavior of the Stokes harmonic in saturated two-wave stimulated Raman scattering is theoretically considered based on the description of a gas of three-level atoms by medium density matrix equations. The vibrational mode of energy redistribution between laser and scattered radiation, threshold with respect to the resonant field intensity, is predicted. The action of optical fields on the absorption and amplification of the resonant field in a Raman medium is described.
Coherent, optically dressed media composed of two-level molecular systems without inversion symmetry are considered as all-optically tunable sources of coherent radiation in the microwave domain. A theoretical model and a numerical toolbox are developed to confirm the main finding: the generation of low-frequency radiation, and the buildup and propagation dynamics of such low-frequency signals in a medium of polar molecules in a gas phase. The physical mechanism of the signal generation relies on the permanent dipole moment characterizing systems without inversion symmetry. The molecules are polarized with a DC electric field yielding a permanent electric dipole moment in the laboratory frame; the direction and magnitude of the moment depend on the molecular state. As the system is resonantly driven, the dipole moment oscillates at the Rabi frequency and, hence, generates microwave radiation. We demonstrate the tuning capability of the output signal frequency with the drive amplitude and detuning. We find that even though decoherence mechanisms such as spontaneous emission may damp the output field, a scenario based on pulsed illumination yields a coherent, pulsed output of tunable temporal width. Finally, we discuss experimental scenarios exploiting rotational levels of gaseous ensembles of heteronuclear diatomic molecules.
The passage of strong monochromatic laser radiation through a resonance medium consisting of three-level atoms is investigated. It is shown that if collisions are taken into account in the scattered waves the resonances at combination frequencies occur to first order in the laser field intensity. A numerical analysis of the dependence of the stimulated electronic Raman scattering (SERS) components' gain factors on the pump frequency is carried out. The dispersion curves of the SERS components' gain (absorption) factors for fixed values of pump frequency and intensity are plotted.
When a high-intensity laser beam passes through a transparent and homogeneous optical medium, the induced light scattering may manifest the properties of stimulated radiation characterized by threshold requirement, high directionality, and high brightness. This is the stimulated scattering of intense coherent light. Discoveries and studies of various types of stimulated scattering effects have provided a much deeper and more comprehensive understanding of interactions between the intense coherent light and matter. On the other hand, devices based on stimulated Raman scattering, stimulated Brillouin scattering, and stimulated spin-flip Raman scattering can be employed as highly efficient tunable frequency shifters of coherent light. Stimulated Kerr scattering can be used to generate a super-broadband coherent light and to investigate the molecular anisotropy of liquids. In addition, the recently developed stimulated Rayleigh–Bragg scattering and stimulated Mie scattering can significantly reduce the threshold requirement, and provide a highly efficient no-frequency-shift optical phase conjugation wave.