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Journal of Physics B Atomic and Molecular Physics

Interatomic coherence in the redistribution of intense radiation

Gerard Nienhuis, F Schuller

Published Sep 28, 1984• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The authors study cooperative effects on the fluorescence spectrum of several atoms in an intense radiation field. In the secular approximation the spectrum contains three lines, as in the single-atom case. The authors evaluate the strengths of these lines for an arbitrary number of atoms without collisions. In the case of two atoms, collisional interactions with a perturber bath are included. The interatomic coherence in the absence of collisions leads to an enhancement of the line strengths, which is most pronounced for the central Rayleigh line. When collisions are present, the strengths of the two sidebands can actually be diminished by the cooperative effects.

DOI
10.1088/0022-3700/17/18/007

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The authors study cooperative effects on the fluorescence spectrum of several atoms in an intense radiation field. In the secular approximation the spectrum contains three lines, as in the single-atom case. The authors evaluate the strengths of these lines for an arbitrary number of atoms without collisions. In the case of two atoms, collisional interactions with a perturber bath are included. The interatomic coherence in the absence of collisions leads to an enhancement of the line strengths, which is most pronounced for the central Rayleigh line. When collisions are present, the strengths of the two sidebands can actually be diminished by the cooperative effects.
The effect of binary collisions on the fluorescence spectrum of an atom in a nearly resonant monochromatic radiation fievd is evaluated in terms of formal relaxation and correlation operators that refer to a single collision. The driving field can be included in the atomic Hamiltonian, and its time dependence is transformed away, giving rise to a modified atom. The authors relate the strengths and the widths of line occurring in the fluorescence spectrum to the rate of optical collisions, and to other elements of the scattering matrix of the modified atom.
The author derives an expression for the spectrum of the radiation scattered by an atom that suffers binary collisions in the weak-field limit. The frequency of the incident radiation is in near-resonance with a multiplet transition. The authors accounts for strong atom-perturber correlations that are induced when the incident or the detected frequency is in the far wing of an absorption line. For an isolated transition between two degenerate atomic levels the model picture of quasistatic absorption followed by adiabatic reorientation of the excited state predicts a redistributed fluorescence line with a polarisation that is determined by geometrical factors.
The authors give a theoretical description of the spectrally resolved intensity correlations of an electromagnetic field, in analogy with the definition of the physical time-dependent spectrum. The results are applied to evaluate the time correlations between the three lines in the spectrum of resonance fluorescence of a two-level atom. The authors include the possibility of a finite bandwidth of the incident radiation, and they allow for collisions with perturber atoms. Photons in the central Rayleigh line are emitted in a fully random fashion, without any correlation with previous or subsequent emissions. Two photons from the same sideband display antibunching in time, whereas two photons from opposite sidebands tend to bunch with a strong asymmetry in time. The effect of collisions and of a finite bandwidth is to diminish this asymmetry.
The authors incorporate in the theory of collisional redistribution of resonance radiation the effect of a finite bandwidth of the intense incident radiation. The phase of the radiation is treated as a process with independent increments, which contains the phase-diffusion model as a special case. These phase fluctuations give rise to effective decay operators affecting the evolution of the density matrix and the regression of the correlation function. For a two-level atom suffering binary collisions the combined effect of collisions and phase fluctuations on the fluorescence spectrum is evaluated in several limiting cases of practical interest.
The spectrum of resonance fluorescence and the second-order correlation function are calculated for a system of two identical two-level cooperative systems interacting via the dipole-dipole interaction. The results are valid for arbitrary incident-field strengths and for atomic separations much less than the resonant wavelength. The intensity of the sidebands at the Rabi frequency is diminished by the dipole interaction, whereas that of the sidebands at twice the Rabi frequency is enhanced. Both the cooperative behavior and the dipole-dipole interaction act to diminish the photon antibunching, as shown by the second-order correlation function.