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Physical Review A

Theory of dressed-state lasers. II. Phase diffusion and squeezing

Jakub Zakrzewski, Maciej Lewenstein, THOMAS W. MOSSBERG

Published Dec 1, 1991• 36 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present a detailed theory of the quantum-statistical properties of dressed-state lasers, i.e., lasers that operate due to the gain on an inverted transition between dressed states of a coupled atom-field system. With the help of quantum Langevin equations, we calculate squeezing spectra of such lasers. One-photon dressed-state lasers exhibit large squeezing due to antiresonant transitions between dressed states that lead to Bloch-Siegert-type shift effects. Two-photon dressed-state lasers may also generate squeezed light.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.44.7732

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Physical Review A•Sep 1, 1992•3 citations
We present a detailed theory of the quantum-statistical properties of dressed-state lasers, i.e., lasers that operate due to the gain on an inverted transition between dressed states of a coupled atom-field system. With the help of quantum Langevin equations, we calculate squeezing spectra of such lasers. One-photon dressed-state lasers exhibit large squeezing due to antiresonant transitions between dressed states that lead to Bloch-Siegert-type shift effects. Two-photon dressed-state lasers may also generate squeezed light.
We present further developments in the theory of dressed-state lasers, i.e., lasers that operate on inverted transitions between the dressed states of a coupled atom-field system. We take into account the quantum character of the driving field, and consider the effect of its depletion. We derive effective Hamiltonians appropriate for the analysis of both one- and two-photon dressed-state lasers, and then discuss the stability and statistics of such lasers. We show that pump-depletion effects tend to reduce the degree of squeezing found in dressed-state-laser output while simultaneously introducing small squeezing effects into the depleted pump field.
We present a detailed theory of dressed-state lasers, i.e., the lasers that operate due to the gain on an inverted transition between dressed states of a coupled atom-field system. We derive effective Hamiltonians that describe such lasers for the case of one- and two-photon resonances. We argue that, due to the presence of nearly resonant intermediate states, the use of gain media consisting of strongly driven two-level atoms provides an unorthodox yet promising means for achieving cw optical two-photon laser oscillation. We disscuss the stability properties of radiation generated by such media.
We present a theory of dressed-state lasers, i.e., lasers that operate on an inverted transition between dressed states of a coupled atom-field system, in the bad-cavity limit. We discuss the validity of the effective Hamiltonian approach in such a case and generalize the theory beyond secular and effective Hamiltonian approximations. We demonstrate that higher-order instabilities that lead to self-pulsing and optical chaos may occur in experiments on dressed-state lasers. With the help of the generalized theory we study the competition between the resonant one-photon and two-photon processes and try to understand it physically by looking at the spectrum of the emitted radiation.
The intrinsic property of laser systems with many internal degrees of freedom to generate a squeezed light is studied. The dressed-atom approach to fluctuations, described in the preceding paper [Khazanov, Koganov, and Shuker, Phys. Rev. A 48, 1661 (1993)], is employed. A minimization principle which governs noise quenching in laser systems is described comprehensively. This principle allows one to avoid complicated quantum-mechanical calculations to assess the squeezing capacity of the system. It is shown that noise in a laser system can be decomposed into noise states. These states interact coherently. For instance, each nonactive level in a multilevel lasing scheme may represent separate noise states under certain conditions while both lasing levels make only one noise state. The squeezing capacity of the system is determined by a quantity called the noise dimension. The theory is extended to laser schemes with many photons (two-photon generation, more than one lasing transition, etc.). The validity of the minimization principle is established for this type of system. Some consequences from the theory, which are relevant to the experiment, are discussed.
We study nonclassical and spectral properties of a strongly driven single-atom laser engineered within a photonic crystal that facilitates a frequency-dependent reservoir. In these studies, we apply a dressed atom model approach to derive the master equation of the system and study the properties of the dressed laser under the frequency-dependent transition rates. By going beyond the secular approximation in the dressed-atom cavity-field interaction, we find that if, in addition, the nonsecular terms are included into the dynamics of the system, then nonlinear processes can occur that lead to interesting aspects of cavity field behavior. We calculate variances of the quadrature phase amplitudes and the incoherent part of the spectrum of the cavity field and show that they differ qualitatively from those observed under the secular approximation. In particular, it is found that the nonlinear processes lead to squeezing of the fluctuations of the cavity field below the quantum shot noise limit. The squeezing depends on the relative population of the dressed states of the system and is found only if there is no population inversion between the dressed states. Furthermore, we find a linewidth narrowing below the quantum limit in the spectrum of the cavity field that is achieved only when the secular approximation is not made. An interpretation of the linewidth narrowing is provided in terms of two phase-dependent noise (squeezing) spectra that make up the incoherent spectrum. We establish that the linewidth narrowing is due to squeezing of the fluctuations in one quadrature phase components of the cavity field.
We present a theory of pulsed dressed-state lasers that operate on an inverted transition between dressed states of a coupled atom-field system and are pumped by short laser pulses. We discuss the validity of the adiabatic approach in such a case and generalize the theory beyond the adiabatic approximation. With the help of the generalized theory, we study the competition between various lasing processes, the role of higher-order instabilities, and the role of temporal interference effects. We formulate the physical interpretation of the results by looking at the spectrum of the emitted pulse.