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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Collisional and thermal ionization of sodium Rydberg atoms III. Experiment and theory fornS andnD states withn= 8–20 in crossed atomic beams

Ilya I. Beterov, Denis B. Tretyakov, I. I. Ryabtsev, Nikolai N. Bezuglov, K. Miculis, Aigars Ekers, A. N. Klucharev

Published Nov 28, 2005• 23 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Collisional and thermal ionization of sodium Rydberg atoms III. Experiment and theory for nS and nD states with n = 8–20 in crossed atomic beams, Beterov, I I, Tretyakov, D B, Ryabtsev, I I, Bezuglov, N N, Miculis, K, Ekers, A, Klucharev, A N
DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/38/24/002

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Collisional and thermal ionization of sodium n S and n D Rydberg atoms with n = 8–20 has been studied. The experiments were performed using a two-step pulsed laser excitation in an effusive atomic beam at atom density of about 2 × 10 10 cm −3 . Molecular and atomic ions from associative, Penning and thermal ionization processes were detected. It was found that the atomic ions were created mainly due to photoionization of Rydberg atoms by photons of blackbody radiation at the ambient temperature of 300 K. Blackbody ionization rates and effective lifetimes of Rydberg states of interest were determined. The molecular ions were found to be from associative ionization in Na( nL ) + Na(3S) collisions. Rate constants of associative ionization have been measured using an original method based on relative measurements of Na + 2 and Na + ion signals.
A stochastic model of associative ionization in collisions of Rydberg atoms with ground-state atoms is presented. The conventional Duman–Shmatov–Mihajlov–Janev (DSMJ) model treats the ionization as excitation of Rydberg electron to the continuum by the electric-dipole field generated by exchange interaction within the quasi-molecular ion. The stochastic model essentially extends this treatment by taking into account redistribution of population over a range of Rydberg states prior to ionization, which is caused by non-adiabatic processes in overlapping multiple level crossings of quasi-molecular Rydberg states. The redistribution is modelled as diffusion of electrons in the Rydberg energy spectrum using a Fokker–Planck-type equation. The process of l -mixing of Rydberg states at large internuclear distances and twisting of the collision trajectories on attractive potentials are taken into account. The choice of the collision velocity distribution is also shown to be important. Associative ionization rates have been calculated for Na**( nl ) + Na collisions with n = 5–25 and l = 0, 1, 2, and compared with the available experimental data and the calculations performed using the nonlinear DSMJ model. At relatively low n the stochastic model yields a substantially better agreement with the experimental data than the DSMJ model, while the results of both models converge at large n .