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Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General

The lowest excitations in the spin-s XXX magnet and conformal invariance

L.V. Avdeev

Published May 21, 1990• 12 citations

Abstract

The Bethe-ansatz equations for the integrable spin-s isotropic Heisenberg antiferromagnet are solved numerically at a finite number of sites N. The vacuum and the lowest singlet and triplet solutions are presented for s=1/2, . . ., 2 up to sN=240. Through extrapolation of the finite-size data, the central charge and anomalous dimensions of the scaling operators for the underlying conformal field theory are calculated and found to agree with the expected theoretical values. The status of the Bethe string hypothesis about the structure of the solutions is discussed based on the obtained computer data up to s=9/2.

DOI: 10.1088/0305-4470/23/10/003

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The Bethe-ansatz equations for the integrable spin-s isotropic Heisenberg antiferromagnet are solved numerically at a finite number of sites N. The vacuum and the lowest singlet and triplet solutions are presented for s=1/2, . . ., 2 up to sN=240. Through extrapolation of the finite-size data, the central charge and anomalous dimensions of the scaling operators for the underlying conformal field theory are calculated and found to agree with the expected theoretical values. The status of the Bethe string hypothesis about the structure of the solutions is discussed based on the obtained computer data up to s=9/2.

The finite-size effects in the spectrum of the integrable XXZ Heisenberg chain with arbitrary spin-S are studied analytically on the basis of the string hypothesis for bound states and numerically by solving the associated Bethe ansatz equations. The finite-size corrections to the spectrum and to the low-temperature behaviour of the free energy are found to be similar to the universal predictions for conformally invariant theories, although the model is, in general, not Lorentz invariant, since it can have an arbitrary number of branches for low-energy excitations with different Fermi velocities depending on the value of S and the anisotropy parameter gamma .

The eigenspectrum of the critical anisotropic Heisenberg model (or XXZ model), with arbitrary spin S in its disordered-ferroelectric regime (0\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\le}\ensuremath{\pi}/2S) is solved by the Bethe-Ansatz method. The amplitudes of the leading finite-size corrections are calculated analytically and numerically. Using conformal invariance we give exact results for the conformal anomaly and scaling dimensions. Our results indicate that, for all spin S, the critical behavior is governed by a conformal field theory with central charge c=1.

For the integrable XXX antiferromagnetic ring of N spins s=1 or s=1/2 the numerical solutions to the Bethe-ansatz equations are found, which involve non-string configurations, namely multiplets. The results up to sN=150 are compared with higher-level Bethe-ansatz predictions. The absolute difference between the predicted and finite-N energies of the spin-zero states with a multiplet and four holes is of O(1/N). The coefficient is not the same as for the vacuum and depends on the positions of the holes. As has been expected, the multiplets are of an exponential accuracy in N, while sea strings are much more strongly deformed.

Bethe ansatz equations (BAE) are investigated for the isotropic spin- 1 / 2 Heisenberg chain as well as the XXZ chain with real solutions characterized by identical integers in the logarithmic form of the BAE. Such states do not belong to the usual classification scheme (string hypothesis). They always exist in critical sectors with respect to the total spin of the chain and the anisotropy. The conception of holes has to be changed in this case, because there occur more holes than expected. The finite-size corrections for the XXX model are calculated including complex roots and the new type of real solutions with repeating integers. The 'tower structure' predicted by the hypothesis of conformal invariance is shown to remain unchanged.