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Frontiers in Optics

Tools and Technology for Optical Quantum Information Processing

Paul G. Kwiat, Scott M. Jobling, Kevin T. McCusker, Radhika Rangarajan

Published Jan 1, 2008• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Practical optical quantum information processing requires a suite of advanced quantum photonic technologies, including high-efficiency sources and detectors, and low-loss storage and interconnects. We report on our progress toward these goals.
DOI
10.1364/fio.2008.ftuc1

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A number of optical technologies remain to be developed and optimized for various applications in quantum information processing, especially quantum communication. We will give an overview of our approach to some of these, including periodic heralded single-photon sources based on spontaneous parametric down-conversion, ultrabright sources of tunable entangled photons, near unit efficiency single- and multi-photon detectors based on an atomic vapor interaction, quantum state transducers based on high efficiency frequency up-conversion, and low-loss optical quantum memories.
A key goal of research into quantum information processing is the development of technologies that are scaleable in complexity while allowing the mass manufacture of devices that promise transformative effects on information science. The demonstration that integrated photonics circuits could be made to perform operations that exploit the quantum nature of the photon has turned them into leading candidates for practical quantum information processing technologies. To fully achieve their promise, however, requires research from diverse fields. This focus issue provides a snapshot of some of the areas in which key advances have been made. We are grateful for the contributions from leading teams based around the globe and hope that the degree of progress being made in a challenging and exciting field is apparent from the papers published here.
Quantum information processing opens up completely new possibilities in communication and computation, that would be impossible in the realms of classical physics. While the benefits of quantum information processing are well understood in theory, it remains a formidable challenge to experimentally implement even simple quantum information processing tasks. Numerous physical architectures have been proposed for preparing and coherently manipulating quantum information. Amongst these, quantum optics has been identified as a particularly promising candidate. In particular this arises from the long decoherence times of single photon states, which can be used to encode logical qubits in a variety of ways. Nonetheless, there remain formidable challenges to implementing large scale quantum information processing using optical qubits. Most notably these include: the preparation of pure indistinguishable photons; efficient number-resolving photo-detection; mode-matching; photon loss; and the non-determinism of entangling gates. Any future large scale implementation of optical quantum information processing protocols will require significant advances on most, if not all these fronts. In this thesis we aim to present a comprehensive overview of the major requirements for optical quantum information processing, understand the effects they have, and how they can be modeled. From this we aim to understand what the realistic technological requirements are to achieve scalable optical quantum information processing, and, where possible, suggest means by which to help achieve these goals.
Fast, high efficiency and low error single-photon sources are required for the implementation of a number of quantum information processing applications. The fastest triggered single-photon sources to date have been demonstrated using epitaxially grown semiconductor quantum dots (QDs), which can be conveniently integrated with optical microcavities. Recent advances in QD technology, including demonstrations of high temperature and telecommunications wavelength single-photon emission, have made QD single-photon sources more practical. Here we discuss the applications of single-photon sources and their various requirements, before reviewing the progress made on a QD platform in meeting these requirements.