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Physical Review Letters

Vortex Waves in Superfluid He4

R. A. Ashton, William I. Glaberson

Published Apr 16, 1979• 58 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The motion of ions along vortex lines in the presence of a transverse radio-frequency electric field has been investigated. An anomaly in the velocity-versus-electric-field relation, associated with the "resonant" generation of vortex waves, is observed. These measurements constitute the first observation of vortex waves at frequencies larger than a few hertz.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.42.1062

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The motion of ions along vortex lines in the presence of a transverse radio-frequency electric field has been investigated. An anomaly in the velocity-versus-electric-field relation, associated with the "resonant" generation of vortex waves, is observed. These measurements constitute the first observation of vortex waves at frequencies larger than a few hertz.
Measurements of the positive-ion velocity as a function of electric field in dilute solutions of 3He^{3}\mathrm{He}3He in 4He^{4}\mathrm{He}4He at 18 mK show a discontinuity which suggests the existence of two kinds of vortex rings in addition to the bare ion. The assignment of circulation quantum numbers is discussed.
Abstract Ions and electron bubbles are captured by the vortex lines which occur in a rotating superfluid sample. Once captured, however, the charges can move along the quantized vortex lines. On one hand, this degree of freedom allows the researcher to use ions to detect the appearance of single, quantized vortex lines. On the other hand, the study of the ion motion along the lines gives important pieces of information on the structure and dynamics of vortices. In fact, the ion motion along the lines is limited by scattering on 3He impurities captured by the vorticity field and by vortex waves, i.e., columnar oscillation of the vortex lines. Experiments and theory of vortex wave-, roton, and 3He impurity scattering on vortex lines are described.
Superfluid 4^44He subjected to steady rotation develops a regular lattice of quantum vortices aligned with the rotation axis. We prepare this lattice in a rotating cryostat, perturb it with a constant heat flux, and visualize vortex deformation waves that propagate in the lattice and grow in energy with the forcing. Below twice the rotation rate, we show that these waves feature a continuous frequency spectrum whose structure corresponds to inertial waves. At larger frequencies, we report several observations suggesting the presence of Kelvin waves over a continuous range of frequency. These results, obtained through space- and time-resolved velocity measurements of quantum vortex lines, appear as quantitative constraints for modern two-way coupled vortex filament models. They further offer new insights into perturbed quantum vortex systems in three-dimensional quantum fluids.
We show that an ion carried through an electric field by a quantized vortex ring in helium II will cause a symmetric change in the radius of the ring, even though the ion is located asymmetrically on the core of the vortex ring. The localized force on the ion will combine with a specific series of vortex waves to give a uniform growth of the ring with a small component of drift velocity perpendicular to the applied electric field. This type of energy transfer may also play an important role in superfluid turbulence. Our calculations should be valid for localized forces on thin-core classical vortices as well.
We discuss a recent experiment in which the spectrum of the vortex line density fluctuations has been measured in superfluid turbulence. The observed frequency dependence of the spectrum, f- 5/3, disagrees with classical vorticity spectra if, following the literature, the vortex line density is interpreted as a measure of the vorticity or enstrophy. We argue that the disagrement is solved if the vortex line density field is decomposed into a polarised field (which carries most of the energy) and an isotropic field (which is responsible for the spectrum). © Europhysics Letters Association.