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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

On the spectrum of above-threshold photoelectrons

V A Pazdzersky, Vladimir Yurovsky

Published Feb 28, 1991• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Non-resonance multiphoton atom ionization by a linearly polarized electromagnetic field is considered. An expression for the ionization probability depending on the direction of a photoelectron emission has been obtained. The spectrum of above-threshold photoelectrons has been investigated with the laser focus inhomogeneity taken into account.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/24/4/003

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Non-resonance multiphoton atom ionization by a linearly polarized electromagnetic field is considered. An expression for the ionization probability depending on the direction of a photoelectron emission has been obtained. The spectrum of above-threshold photoelectrons has been investigated with the laser focus inhomogeneity taken into account.
The photoionization of atoms in a strong electromagnetic field leads to the effect of "above-threshold" ionization, displaying a number of peaks in the energy spectrum of the photoelectrons. In the case of a one-electron model atom in a circularly polarized field, we derive expressions that describe the position as well as the intensity of those peaks as a function of the field parameters by means of a nonperturbative method. It is immediately clear from our formulas that the lowest-energy peaks in general disappear with increasing field intensity, for Coulomb-like as well as shortrange potentials. For a zero-range potential, a numerical evaluation is easily performed, leading to results that are in every respect qualitatively similar to the experimental results obtained thus far on these kinds of processes.
A nonperturbative method is used to study the two-color multiphoton ionization of atoms by solving the Schr\"odinger equation in momentum space, which facilitates the extraction of the rapidly varying part of the wave function. Our method generalizes the problem for cases where an arbitrary number of ionization photons are absorbed, and also takes into account the threshold shifts due to both the high- and low-frequency fields. The photoelectron energy spectra of the hydrogen atoms are calculated and the dependence on the laser field strengths and frequencies is discussed. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
We theoretically study the photoelectron momentum distributions from multiphoton ionization of a model lithium atom over a range of laser wavelengths from 500 nm to 700 nm by numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The photoelectron momentum distributions display many ring-like patterns for the three-photon ionization, which vary dramatically with the change of the laser wavelength. We show that the wavelength-dependent photoelectron energy spectrum can be used to effectively identify the resonant and nonresonant ionization pathways. We also find an abnormal ellipticity dependence of the electron yield for the (2+1) resonance-enhanced ionization via the 4d intermediate state, which is relevant to the two-photon excitation probability from the ground state to the 4d state.
We present an atomic model to study above-threshold ionization (ATI). We show that when the laser field is sufficiently intense the usual perturbation theory is not valid. We solve the model dynamics exactly, and several interesting quantities, including the initial-state decay rate and photoelectron spectrum, are calculated. These quantities are related to recent ATI experiments, and qualitatively they agree with these experiments. We specify the strong-field condition for continuum–continuum transitions and explore its physical meaning. Finally some comments on perturbation theory are made.
An experimental and theoretical study is performed of the angular photoelectron distribution for three-photon ionization of Ba atoms through the 2ω-excited intermediate state 6p2(1S0) and the auto-ionized state 6p8s(3P1). Rotation of the polarization plane of dye-laser radiation allowed us to investigate the photoelectron angular distribution. Electrons were counted with the help of a time-of-flight electron spectrometer. Employing the density-matrix formalism, expressions have been obtained for angular dependence of the differential ionization probability. Possible experiments are discussed.
An experimental and theoretically study is performed of the angular photoelectron distribution for three-photon ionization of Ba atoms through the 2(omega) -excited intermediate state 6p2 (1So) and the auto- ionized state 6p8s(3P1). Rotation of the polarization plane of dye-laser radiation allowed us to investigate the photoelectron angular distribution. Electrons were counted with the help of a time-of-flight electron spectrometer. Employing the density-matrix formalism, expressions have been obtained for angular dependence of the differential ionizations probability. Possible experiments are discussed.