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Physical Review Letters

High-Density Trapping of Cold Ytterbium Atoms by an Optical Dipole Force

Yosuke Takasu, Keita HONDA, Kaduki Komori, T. Kuwamoto, M. Kumakura, Yoshiro Takahashi, T. Yabuzaki

Published Jan 16, 2003• 66 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We have succeeded in trapping a high density of rare-earth atom of ytterbium (Yb) in a crossed far-off resonance trap. The peak density reaches more than 10(14) cm(-3). With a new method of a delayed crossed far-off resonance trap, we have elucidated that the atoms became concentrated into the cross region by atom-atom collisions. We trap fermionic Yb atoms in the same way as bosonic ones.

DOI
10.1103/physrevlett.90.023003

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Journal of the Physical Society of Japan•Jan 13, 2009•23 citations
We have succeeded in trapping a high density of rare-earth atom of ytterbium (Yb) in a crossed far-off resonance trap. The peak density reaches more than 10(14) cm(-3). With a new method of a delayed crossed far-off resonance trap, we have elucidated that the atoms became concentrated into the cross region by atom-atom collisions. We trap fermionic Yb atoms in the same way as bosonic ones.
We have succeeded in simultaneously trapping a fermion and boson isotope pair of ytterbium (Yb) in a far off-resonant trap (FORT). We have found evidence of elastic cross collisions between fermions and bosons, and performed a successful sympathetic cooling of the fermions. We could also enhance the loading of the fermions 171Yb{}^{171}\mathrm{Yb}171Yb in the crossing region in a crossed FORT via cross collisions between the fermions 171Yb{}^{171}\mathrm{Yb}171Yb and the bosons 174Yb.{}^{174}\mathrm{Yb}.174Yb.
Evaporative cooling of ultracold Yb atoms near the quantum-degenerate regime was experimentally studied. Three bosons of 170 Yb, 172 Yb, 176 Yb and two fermions of 171 Yb and 173 Yb were evaporatively cooled in a crossed far-off resonant trap (FORT). We observed that 170 Yb and 172 Yb were not concentrated into the crossed region. We found that, in the cases of 176 Yb atoms, atoms were concentrated well into the crossed region. The following evaporative cooling in the crossed region, however, did not work well. We performed the simultaneous trapping and sympathetic cooling in the crossed FORT by use of 172 Yb-174Yb, 174 Yb- 176 Yb, 172 Yb- 176 Yb, and 171 Yb- 174 Yb pairs. We observed that evaporative cooling worked well. This result shows that we succeeded in the enhancement of the atom collision rate. Especially, by use of 174 Yb- 176 Yb mixture, we obtained cold 176 Yb whose phase space density was 0.02. We observed a large atom loss, which limited the further sympathetic evaporative cooling. We also evaporatively cooled 174 Yb in a 1D optical lattice. Evaporative cooling worked very well because the atoms were initially trapped at a high density. After evaporative cooling, we obtained very cold atoms, and T/T F was estimated to be 1.2.
Evaporative cooling of ultracold Yb atoms near the quantum-degenerate regime was experimentally studied. Three bosons of 170Yb, 172Yb, 176Yb and two fermions of 171Yb and 173Yb were evaporatively cooled in a crossed far-off resonant trap (FORT). We observed that 170Yb and 172Yb were not concentrated into the crossed region. We found that, in the cases of 176Yb atoms, atoms were concentrated well into the crossed region. The following evaporative cooling in the crossed region, however, did not work well. We performed the simultaneous trapping and sympathetic cooling in the crossed FORT by use of 172Yb-174Yb, 174Yb-176Yb, 172Yb-176Yb, and 171Yb-174Yb pairs. We observed that evaporative cooling worked well. This result shows that we succeeded in the enhancement of the atom collision rate. Especially, by use of 174Yb-176Yb mixture, we obtained cold 176Yb whose phase space density was 0.02. We observed a large atom loss, which limited the further sympathetic evaporative cooling. We also evaporatively cooled 174Yb in a 1D optical lattice. Evaporative cooling worked very well because the atoms were initially trapped at a high density. After evaporative cooling, we obtained very cold atoms, and T/TF was estimated to be 1.2.
We describe in detail our recent experiments on quantum degenerate gases of ytterbium (Yb) atoms. Up to now Bose–Einstein condensates of 174 Yb and 170 Yb, and a Fermi degenerate gas of 173 Yb have been realized by efficient evaporative cooling in a crossed far-off resonant trap. Our studies showed that the efficient escape from the trap and rapid thermalization are important for efficient evaporative cooling. We also describe some recent experiments using Yb Bose–Einstein condensates such as the achievement of a scalar atom laser, the observation of an optical coherent transient, and successful loading into an optical lattice. Finally, the future prospects using Yb quantum degenerate gases are discussed in detail.