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Optics Letters

Enhanced efficiency of the second harmonic inhomogeneous component in an opaque cavity

V. Roppo, Fabrice Raineri, Rama K. Raj, Isabelle Sagnes, J. Trull, Ramon A. Vilaseca, Michael Scalora, Crina M. Cojocaru

Published May 6, 2011• 12 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this Letter, we experimentally demonstrate the enhancement of the inhomogeneous second harmonic conversion in the opaque region of a GaAs cavity with efficiencies of the order of 0.1% at 612 nm, using 3 ps pump pulses having peak intensities of the order of 10 MW/cm(2). We show that the conversion efficiency of the inhomogeneous, phase-locked second harmonic component is a quadratic function of the cavity factor Q.

DOI
10.1364/ol.36.001809

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In this Letter, we experimentally demonstrate the enhancement of the inhomogeneous second harmonic conversion in the opaque region of a GaAs cavity with efficiencies of the order of 0.1% at 612 nm, using 3 ps pump pulses having peak intensities of the order of 10 MW/cm(2). We show that the conversion efficiency of the inhomogeneous, phase-locked second harmonic component is a quadratic function of the cavity factor Q.
The effect of the quantum properties of light on nonlinear processes has been well studied theoretically. It has been shown that the efficiency of n-photon nonlinear processes in many cases scales as the normalized n-th order correlation function. For light with high intensity correlation function, the efficiency of the n-th harmonic generation will be considerably higher than for coherent light. The experimental observation of this effect remained difficult until recently, because of the absence of bright sources with strong and fast intensity fluctuations. For the experimental demonstration of statistical effects in optical harmonic generation we use as a pump the radiation of high-gain parametric down conversion. Such light shows quantum properties (e.g. quadrature or two-mode squeezing) and has large number of photons in one mode. The normalized n-th order correlation function for this light is (2n - 1)!!, which makes it more attractive for nonlinear processes than both coherent and thermal light. For the generation of optical harmonics we used broadband parametric down conversion around frequency-degeneracy (1600 nm) produced in 1cm BBO crystal from Ti:Sapphire laser (800 nm, 1.6ps, 5kHz, 3W mean intensity). Due to spectral filtering and post-selection technique we could vary the statistics of light from coherent to super-bunched, which allowed us to demonstrate the efficiency enhancement for second-, third-, and fourth-harmonic generation. The obtained experimental results show a good agreement with the theory.
We report an experimental demonstration of highly efficient single-pass second-harmonic generation from 859 nm to 429.5 nm with picosecond pulses in a thick KNbO3 crystal. Both the conversion-efficiency and quantum-noise properties of the generated blue pulses are measured at various pump intensities under a strong focusing condition. We find that the variation of the conversion efficiency of the picosecond second-harmonic generation is an oscillatory function of the input pump intensity (with a maximum efficiency of 56.5%) and is sensitive to the position of the input beam focus in the crystal. The quantum noise on the blue beam can be reduced below the shot-noise limit by 20% at low input power.
Optical Kerr signals markedly enhanced by increasing quality (Q) factor in a GaAs/AlAs multilayer cavity have been demonstrated using time-resolved optical measurements. In the optical Kerr measurements, the spectral width of a laser pulse was well tuned to the peak of the cavity mode using the wavelength-restricted optical system. Although the Q of a 30-pair cavity is only 1.6 times larger than that of a 26-pair cavity, the optical Kerr signal intensity of the 30-pair cavity is 10 times larger than that of the 26-pair cavity. We have revealed that the optical Kerr signal of the GaAs/AlAs multilayer cavity is markedly enhanced nearly proportional to the Q 4 as a result of the enhanced nonlinear phase shift owing to the strong internal optical field and the long photon lifetime of the cavity-mode light.