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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Electromagnetically induced transparency and absorption due to optical and ground-state coherences in6Li

Jean-Noël Fuchs, G J Duffy, W J Rowlands, A. Lezama, Peter Hannaford, A. M. Akulshin

Published Mar 5, 2007• 23 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We present an experimental study of sub-natural width resonances in fluorescence from a collimated beam of 6Li atoms excited on the D1 and D2 lines by a bichromatic laser field. We show that in addition to ground-state Zeeman coherence, coherent population oscillations between ground and excited states contribute to the sub-natural resonances. High-contrast resonances of electromagnetically induced transparency and electromagnetically induced absorption due to both effects, i.e., ground-state Zeeman coherence and coherent population oscillations, are observed.

DOI
10.1088/0953-4075/40/6/003

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Physical Review A•Apr 1, 1998•439 citations
We present an experimental study of sub-natural width resonances in fluorescence from a collimated beam of 6Li atoms excited on the D1 and D2 lines by a bichromatic laser field. We show that in addition to ground-state Zeeman coherence, coherent population oscillations between ground and excited states contribute to the sub-natural resonances. High-contrast resonances of electromagnetically induced transparency and electromagnetically induced absorption due to both effects, i.e., ground-state Zeeman coherence and coherent population oscillations, are observed.
Abstract. We report sub-Doppler and sub-natural linewidth spectroscopy of 6Li on the D1 and D2 lines in both a vapour cell and an atomic beam. Electromagnetically induced transparency is created using co-propagating mutually coherent laser beams with a frequency difference equal to the hyperfine ground state splitting of 228.2 MHz. The effects of various optical polarization configurations and applied magnetic fields are investigated. In addition, we present an optical Ramsey spectroscopy technique which further reduces the observed resonance width.
We report electromagnetically induced transparency for the D1 and D2 lines in 6^{6}6Li in both a vapour cell and an atomic beam. Electromagnetically induced transparency is created using co-propagating mutually coherent laser beams with a frequency difference equal to the hyperfine ground state splitting of 228.2 MHz. The effects of various optical polarization configurations and applied magnetic fields are investigated. In addition, we apply an optical Ramsey spectroscopy technique which further reduces the observed resonance width.
We have studied sub-natural-width resonances (SNWR) observed in the absorption and fluorescence of Rb vapor under excitation by two copropagating optical waves with variable frequency offset. The mutually coherent optical fields resonantly couple the same ground-state hyperfine level to an excited state. The sub-natural-width resonances present opposite signs depending on which ground-state hyperfine level (GSHL) participates in the interaction with the light. The influence of external magnetic field, polarization and intensity of applied optical fields on the sub-natural-width resonances is examined. The narrowest observed resonance has a width of 10 kHz (FWHM). It is shown that the SNWR obey the selection rules corresponding to two photon transitions starting and ending at Zeeman sublevels on the same GSHL. The application of the observed SNWRs to magnetometers based on the effect of coherent population trapping is considered.
We have investigated atomic coherence changes caused by optical pumping applied to electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA) occurring at the open system, which consists of the transition between the F g = 2 ground state and the F e = 3 excited state in the 85 Rb D1-line. For optical pumping, another laser resonantly tuned to the transition between the F g = 3 ground state and the F e = 2 excited state was used. We found that the atomic coherence for EIA can be changed not by increasing the pumping rate but by pumping differently populations into the Zeeman sublevels in the F g = 2 ground state, which is realized by changing the polarization of the pumping laser. The experimental results were able to be analysed by density matrix equations in the simple model system.
Summary form only given. It is well-known that nonlinear interference effects in the resonant atom-light interaction can lead to interesting and important phenomena, such as electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) of atomic medium, coherent population trapping, lasing without inversion, and others. Common to all these phenomena is the appearance of light-induced coherence between atomic levels, which are not coupled by dipole transitions. Recently Akulshin and co-workers (1998-9) have observed subnatural-width resonances in the absorption on the D/sub 2/ line of rubidium vapor under excitation by two copropagating optical waves with variable frequency offset. It is remarkable that, apart from expected EIT-resonances with negative sign, authors detected positive resonances termed as electromagnetically induced absorption (EIA). More recently, similar effects in a (3+5)-state system have been described as a result of constructive interference of the dipole excitation channels. We propose a simple theoretical model for EIA - a four-state N-atom. Remember that three-state /spl Lambda/- and V-systems give the EIT-resonances only.
Positive and negative subnatural-width resonances (SNWR) were observed in the absorption and fluorescence of rubidium vapor under excitation by two copropagating optical waves with variable frequency offset. The two optical fields resonantly couple Zeeman sublevels, belonging to the same ground-state hyperfine level (GSHL), to an intermediate excited state. The SNWR present opposite signs depending on which GSHL participates in the interaction with the two optical waves. For both Rb isotopes an increase in the transparency with reduced fluorescence occurs for the lower GSHL while the absorption and fluorescence are increased for the upper GSHL. The influence of external magnetic field, polarization, and intensity of applied optical fields on the SNWR is examined. The narrowest observed resonance has a width of 10 kHz (full width at half maximum). The origin of the SNWR is discussed in terms of coherent processes involving ground-state Zeeman sublevels.