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AIP conference proceedings

Tripartite entanglement in single-neutron interferometer experiments

Daniel Erdősi, Marcus Huber, Beatrix C. Hiesmayr, Yuji Hasegawa

Published Jan 1, 2014• 0 citations
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Abstract

We present experimental evidence of the generation of distinct types of genuine multipartite entanglement between the spin, energy, and path degrees of freedom within single-neutron quantum systems. This is achieved via the development of new spin manipulation apparatuses for neutron interferometry and the entanglement is detected via appropriately designed and optimized non-linear witnesses. We demonstrate the extraordinarily high controllability and fidelity of the generated entangled states.

DOI
10.1063/1.4903081

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We present experimental evidence of the generation of distinct types of genuine multipartite entanglement between the spin, energy, and path degrees of freedom within single-neutron quantum systems. This is achieved via the development of new spin manipulation apparatuses for neutron interferometry and the entanglement is detected via appropriately designed and optimized non-linear witnesses. We demonstrate the extraordinarily high controllability and fidelity of the generated entangled states.
We present experimental evidence of the generation of distinct types of genuine multipartite entanglement between three degrees of freedom (spin, energy and path) within single-neutron quantum systems. This is achieved via the development of new spin manipulation apparatuses for neutron interferometry and the entanglement is detected via appropriately designed and optimized nonlinear witnesses. Via the applied criteria we reveal even finer properties of the type of the genuine multipartite entanglement that is produced in the experiment. In a subsequent analysis we show the extraordinarily high fidelity of the generated entangled states, proving the outstanding level of controllability of these systems.
Entanglement is a remarkable peculiarity in quantum mechanics. It occurs in quantum systems that consist of space-like separated parts, or in systems whose observables belong to disjoint Hilbert spaces. The latter is the case in single-neutron systems. Entangled states are renowned for exhibiting non-classical correlations between observables of individual sub-systems. In a perfect Si-crystal interferometer experiment entanglement between three degrees of freedom in a single-neutron system is created. The prepared entanglement of spin, path and energy is induced by interaction with an oscillating magnetic field. The generated Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state is analyzed with an inequality derived by Mermin, yielding a value M = 2.558(4) 2, which exhibits a clear violation of the classical assumption. In addition observation of a GHZ entanglement, consisting of spin, momentum and total energy, in a neutron polarimetric experiment is presented. Here the advantages of neutron polarimetry, such as high contrast or insensitivity to ambient disturbances, are utilized resulting in final value of M = 3.936(2) 2.
Tomographic measurements of Bell states of a single-neutron system in an interferometer were carried out. The spin-path joint measurements exhibit clear evidence of entanglement. Reconstructions of the density matrices of, practically complete, Bell states were accomplished. The fidelities as well as the concurrences of the generated states are determined by 0.79 and 0.75 as well as 0.59 and 0.52, respectively, which are again clear evidence of the spin-path entanglement in a single-neutron system.
Entanglement between degrees of freedom, namely between the spin, path and (total) energy degrees of freedom, for single neutrons is exploited. We implemented a triply entangled Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger(GHZ)-like state and coherently manipulated relative phases of two-level quantum subsystems. An inequality derived by Mermin was applied to analyze the generated GHZ-like state: we determined the four expectation values and finally obtained [Formula: see text]. This demonstrates the violation of a Mermin-like inequality for triply entangled GHZ-like state in a single-particle system, which, in turn, exhibits a clear inconsistency between noncontextual assumptions and quantum mechanics and confirms quantum contextuality.
A neutron interferometer experiment which clearly demonstrates the violation of a Bell-like inequality is reported. Entanglement is achieved not between particles, but between the degrees of freedom, in this case, for a single particle. The total wave function of spin-1/2 neutron is described in a tensor product Hilbert space. Appropriate combinations of the direction of spin analysis and the position of the phase shifter allow experimental verification of the violation of a Bell-like inequality. Manipulation of the wave function in one Hilbert space influences the result of the measurement in the other Hilbert space: manipulation without touch! The violation of the Bell-like inequality is discussed in terms of quantum contextuality and an entanglement-induced correlation.