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Physical Review A

Jackiw state and higher-order squeezing of the electromagnetic field

Robert Lynch

Published Jun 1, 1986• 15 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Hong and Mandel have recently suggested a scheme which allows generalization of ``squeezing'' to higher-order (even) moments of the electromagnetic field. The new criterion for squeezing is that the expectation value of the moment be less than that for the coherent state. In this paper it is explicitly shown that both electric-field quadrature components are squeezed to fourth order in a ``Jackiw state,'' thus proving that the coherent state does not minimize the fourth-order uncertainty product. The implications of this result for Hong and Mandel's proposal are briefly considered.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.33.4431

Related papers

Finite fourth-order squeezing of both quadrature phase components

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In a previous Comment on recent papers by Hong and Mandel, I was able to show that the ``Jackiw state,'' which is infinitesimally different from the coherent state, displays fourth-order squeezing (as defined by Hong and Mandel's criterion) of both quadrature field components; the magnitude of such squeezing is, however, infinitesimal. In this paper an explicit perturbation calculation is given which results in a state with finite fourth-order squeezing of both quadrature components.

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In response to the preceding Comment by Lynch, it is pointed out that squeezing does not require that the uncertainty product be a minimum, but for higher-order squeezing two field components that differ in phase by less than \ensuremath{\pi}/2 may be more appropriate as canonical conjugates than the two quadratures.

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It is shown that a particular combination of so-called even coherent state dubbed the orthogonal-even coherent state, while exhibiting no ``ordinary'' or second-order squeezing, can furnish near-optimal simultaneous-quadrature fourth-order squeezing [where the latter term is defined in the sense of Hong and Mandel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 323 (1985)]. The Wigner function of the particular quantum-mechanical superposition of states is calculated and various plots compared to the Wigner function of a simple statistical mixture of the same states. Rather uninteresting behavior is found in the latter case, which illustrates that the higher-order squeezing effect is due to nonclassical, quantum-mechanical ``interference in phase space.''

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sComment on 'Puri's criterion and higher-order squeezing'

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The result that Lynch and Mavromatis [Phys. Rev. A 52, 55 (1995)] obtained by Puri's definition of squeezing has no relation to Hong and Mandel"s higher-order squeezing [Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 323 (1985)]. We also point out that, for an electromagnetic field, the nonclassicality of the squeezed state defined according to Puri's general uncertainty relation is not preserved.

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•May 1, 1994•0 citations

Squeezing and higher-order squeezing in one- and two-photon Jaynes-Cummings models

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Physical Review A•Dec 1, 1988•64 citations
Hong and Mandel have recently suggested a scheme which allows generalization of squeezing'' to higher-order (even) moments of the electromagnetic field. The new criterion for squeezing is that the expectation value of the moment be less than that for the coherent state. In this paper it is explicitly shown that both electric-field quadrature components are squeezed to fourth order in a Jackiw state,'' thus proving that the coherent state does not minimize the fourth-order uncertainty product. The implications of this result for Hong and Mandel's proposal are briefly considered.
In a previous Comment on recent papers by Hong and Mandel, I was able to show that the ``Jackiw state,'' which is infinitesimally different from the coherent state, displays fourth-order squeezing (as defined by Hong and Mandel's criterion) of both quadrature field components; the magnitude of such squeezing is, however, infinitesimal. In this paper an explicit perturbation calculation is given which results in a state with finite fourth-order squeezing of both quadrature components.
It is shown that a particular combination of so-called even coherent state dubbed the orthogonal-even coherent state, while exhibiting no ``ordinary'' or second-order squeezing, can furnish near-optimal simultaneous-quadrature fourth-order squeezing [where the latter term is defined in the sense of Hong and Mandel, Phys. Rev. Lett. 54, 323 (1985)]. The Wigner function of the particular quantum-mechanical superposition of states is calculated and various plots compared to the Wigner function of a simple statistical mixture of the same states. Rather uninteresting behavior is found in the latter case, which illustrates that the higher-order squeezing effect is due to nonclassical, quantum-mechanical ``interference in phase space.''
It is found that two-mode output quantum electromagnetic field in two-mode squeezed states exhibits higher-order squeezing to all even orders. And the generalized uncertainty relations are also presented for the first time. The concept of higher-order squeezing of the single-mode quantum electromagnetic field was first introduced and applied to several processes by Hong and Mandel in 1985. Lately Li Xizeng and Shan Ying have calculated the higher-order squeezing in the process of degenerate four-wave mixing and presented the higher-order uncertainty relations of the fields in single-mode squeezed states. In this paper we generalize the above work to the higher-order squeezing in two-mode squeezed states. The generalized uncertainty relations are also presented for the first time.