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Physical Review A

Multiphoton quantum-statistical theory in driven optical systems without adiabatic elimination

Si Xian Huang, Ren Ming Lin

Published Jan 1, 1989• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum fluctuations for multiphoton transitions in driven optical systems are treated on the basis of a Fokker-Planck equation for the Wigner function. The equation is considered without adiabatic elimination of the atoms or the field. The linear stability is analyzed and time correlations are derived. A spectrum of transmitted light associated with vacuum Rabi splitting is obtained. The squeezing and antibunching effects in the atomic system and the field are discussed. This theory coincides with the adiabatic elimination theory for the case of both good- and bad-cavity limits.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.39.221

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Quantum fluctuations for multiphoton transitions in driven optical systems are treated on the basis of a Fokker-Planck equation for the Wigner function. The equation is considered without adiabatic elimination of the atoms or the field. The linear stability is analyzed and time correlations are derived. A spectrum of transmitted light associated with vacuum Rabi splitting is obtained. The squeezing and antibunching effects in the atomic system and the field are discussed. This theory coincides with the adiabatic elimination theory for the case of both good- and bad-cavity limits.
A quantum treatment of a coherently driven cavity with a medium of two-level atoms is given. The system displays both absorptive and dispersive bistability. Quantum fluctuations are included via a Fokker-Planck equation in a generalized PPP representation, after adiabatic elimination of the atomic variables. The transmitted spectrum and correlation function is calculated in a linearized (Gaussian) approximation. In the limit of large detuning and radiative damping, the quantum fluctuations are identical to those of a simple nonlinear polarizability theory. An analysis is given of the nonclassical statistical properties of the intensity-correlation spectrum.
The systematic method of Fokker-Planck equation (FPE) for the generalized Wigner distribution is used to study the multi-photon transition process of a driven optical system. The general multi-photon FPE, the state equation and the spectrum of transmitted light in good cavity limit are obtained- The two-photon optical bistability spectrum of transmitted light is calculated and compared with single-photon case. It is shown that for multi-photon case, the atom -atom correlation is also negligible in the good cavity limit.
A linearized theory of fluctuations for absorptive bistability based on the positive P representation is developed without adiabatic elimination of the atoms or the field. An analytic expression for the steady-state covariance matrix is derived from which the size of quantum-statistical effects can be estimated without restriction to the good- or the bad-cavity limit. When the atom and field relaxation rates are similar the intensity correlation function of the transmitted light exhibits an oscillatory relaxation associated with vacuum Rabi splitting.
In this paper, the multi-photon FPE of driven optical systems are treated for bad cavity case. The semi-classical linear stability analysis are performed. The non-classical effects are discussed, and it is shown that in two-photon case the atom-atom correlation enhances the non-clasical effects. This is in opposite to the single-photon case, and different from the good cavity case. The two-photon spectrum of transmitted light and resonance fluorescense are obtained, where the Rabi frequency Ωocy2 (y is the incident field).
We show that the most complete and accurate description of fluctuations in quantum-optical systems is that obtained using the generalized Wigner distribution for the macroscopic observables of the system. The smallness of the inverse of the saturation photon number entitles us to neglect the terms with derivatives of order higher than second order in the time-evolution equation for the quasiprobability distribution. This treatment allows us to also describe correctly nonclassical effects such as photon antibunching or "squeezing," which are maltreated or even destroyed if one neglects the atom-atom correlations. We derive and analyze the Fokker-Planck equation for the Wigner function in the case of the usual laser and compare the results with those following from other approaches. In the region very high above threshold we find a small antibunching effect, which was not discovered in previous treatments due to the neglect of atom-atom correlations.
In this paper, the multi-photon FPE of driven optical systems are treated for bad cavity case. The semi-classical linear stability analysis are performed. The non-classical effects are discussed, and it is shown that in two-photon case the atom-atom correlation enhances the non-clasical effects. This is in opposite to the single-photon case, and different from the good cavity case. The two-photon spectrum of transmitted light and resonance fluorescense are obtained, where the Rabi frequency Ω∝y2 (y is the incident field).