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Asia Communications and Photonics Conference

CW pumping correlated photon pair generation in micro-ring

Yuan Guo, Wei Zhang, Ning Lv, Qiang Zhou, Yidong Huang, Jiangde Peng

Published Jan 1, 2013• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

1.5um correlated photon pair generation under CW pumping in silicon micro-ring cavity is realized. Experiment result shows that the correlated photon pair generation rate is proportional to the product of the square of the pump power and the cube of the cavity Q value, which varies under different pump level due to the nonlinear loss in the cavity when the pump light is on resonance. The maximum ratio between the coincident and accidental coincident counts (CAR) is up to 240 under a coincidence time bin width of 5ns.

DOI
10.1364/acp.2013.aw4a.2

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•Dec 26, 2010•0 citations
1.5um correlated photon pair generation under CW pumping in silicon micro-ring cavity is realized. Experiment result shows that the correlated photon pair generation rate is proportional to the product of the square of the pump power and the cube of the cavity Q value, which varies under different pump level due to the nonlinear loss in the cavity when the pump light is on resonance. The maximum ratio between the coincident and accidental coincident counts (CAR) is up to 240 under a coincidence time bin width of 5ns.
In this paper, 1.5 μm correlated photon pairs are generated under continuous wave (CW) pumping in a silicon micro-ring cavity with a Q factor of 8.1 × 10(4). The ratio of coincidences to accidental coincidences (CAR) is up to 200 under a coincidence time bin width of 5 ns. The experiment result of single side photon count shows that the generation rate does not increase as the square of the pump level due to the nonlinear losses in the cavity which reduce the Q factor and impact the field enhancement effect in the cavity under high pump level. Theoretical analysis shows that the photon pair generation rate in the cavity is proportional to the seventh power of the Q factor, which agrees well with the experiment result. It provides a way to analyze the performance of CW pumping correlated photon pair generation in silicon micro-ring cavities under high pump levels.
Photon sources are fundamental components for any quantum photonic technology. The ability to generate high count-rate and low-noise correlated photon pairs via spontaneous parametric down-conversion using bulk crystals has been the cornerstone of modern quantum optics. However, future practical quantum technologies will require a scalable integration approach, and waveguide-based photon sources with high-count rate and low-noise characteristics will be an essential part of chip-based quantum technologies. Here, we demonstrate photon pair generation through spontaneous four-wave mixing in a silicon micro-ring resonator, reporting separately a maximum coincidence-to-accidental (CAR) ratio of 602 ± 37 (for a generation rate of 827kHz), and a maximum photon pair generation rate of 123 MHz ± 11 kHz (with a CAR value of 37). To overcome free-carrier related performance degradations we have investigated reverse biased p-i-n structures, demonstrating an improvement in the pair generation rate by a factor of up to 2 with negligible impact on CAR.
This study systematically investigates the impact of introducing free-carrier depletion to the microring cavity on the correlated photon-pair generation. The free-carrier depletion is realized through embedding a p-i-n diode adjacent to the silicon microring resonator and applying a reverse bias voltage, thus reducing the nonlinear loss caused by free carrier absorption. Experimental results show a significant reduction in free-carrier lifetime, which improves key metrics of photon-pair generation, including coincidence rate, coincidence-to-accidental ratio (CAR), and heralding efficiency. A high pair generation rate of near 5 GHz/mW 2 with an associated CAR of 231 is achieved at 0.038 mW on-cavity power and 30 V bias. However, it is observed that the side-effect such as linear noise and thermal disturbance due to high pump power can override the improvements. Excessively high voltage can also degrade the performance as the extinction ratio is deviated from the optimum operating point. Additionally, the power-line interference existing in the DC supply is considered, which induces significant oscillation in the transmission spectrum and is shown detrimental to the photon-pair generation.
We demonstrate efficient generation of correlated photon pairs by spontaneous four wave mixing in a 5 μm radius silicon ring resonator in the telecom band around 1550 nm. By optically pumping our device with a 200 μW continuous wave laser, we obtain a pair generation rate of 0.2 MHz and demonstrate photon time correlations with a coincidence-to-accidental ratio as high as 250. The results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions and show the potential of silicon micro-ring resonators as room temperature sources for integrated quantum optics applications.
We report the characterization of correlated photon pairs generated in dispersion-engineered silicon slow-light photonic crystal waveguides pumped by picosecond pulses. We found that taking advantage of the 15-nm flat-band slow-light window (vg~c/30), the bandwidth for correlated photon-pair generation in 96- and 196-μm-long waveguides was at least 11.2 nm, while a 396-μm-long waveguide reduced the bandwidth to 8 nm (only half of the slow-light bandwidth due to the increased impact of phase matching in a longer waveguide). The key metrics for a photon-pair source: coincidence to accidental ratio (CAR) and pair brightness were measured to be a maximum 33 at a pair generation rate of 0.004 pair per pulse in a 196- μm-long waveguide. Within the measurement errors, the maximum CAR achieved in 96-, 196-, and 396-μm-long waveguides is constant. The noise analysis shows that detector dark counts, leaked pump light, linear and nonlinear losses, multiple pair generation, and detector jitter are the limiting factors to the CAR performance of the sources.
In this paper, correlated photon pairs at 1.55μm are generated in a silicon wire waveguidewith a length of 1.6 mm. The ratio between coincidence count rate and accidental coincidence count rate under room temperature is 19, showing the property of low Raman noise and strong quantum correlation. Moreover, the experiment shows that photon pair generation isstrongly dependent on pump polarization direction. Using quantum perturbation theory, we analyze the contribution of scalar and vectorspontaneous four-wave mixing processes to the generated photon pairs. Due tohigh nonlinear coefficient and high coupling efficiency, the generation rate in quasi-TE mode is much larger than that in quasi-TM mode.The combination of calculated photon pair generation rates through scalar and vector spontaneous four-wave mixing processes agrees well with the experimental result.