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Chinese Physics Letters

Ionization Detection of Ultracold Ground State Cesium Molecules

Ji Zhong-Hua, Jizhou Wu, Jie Ma, Zhigang Feng, Linjie Zhang, Yanting Zhao, Wang Li-Rong, Liantuan Xiao, Jia Suo-Tang

Published May 1, 2010• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Photoassociation of ultracold atoms is an important method for producing stable ultracold molecules with extensive applications. Ion spectroscopy technique, which has higher sensitivity compared with trap loss spectroscopy and fragment spectroscopy, plays an important pole in the research of photoassociation spectroscopy. Based on ion spectroscopy technique, a complete experimental system is employed to produce and detect the ultracold ground state molecules, including the equipment of photoionization and time-of-fight mass spectroscopy. Ultra-cold ground state cesium molecules are demonstrated by the ionization detection technique. The number of the ground-state molecules produced in our MOT is measured. In addition, the relationship of the time interval of the cesium atom ion and the cesium molecular ion to the metal grid voltage is studied for the optimization of the experimental parameters.

DOI
10.1088/0256-307x/27/5/053701

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We use time-of-flight mass spectroscopy to detect the ultracold ground state Cs2 molecules formed directly by a photoassociation due to the trapping laser beams and repumping laser beam in a magneto-optical trap. We investigate the dependences of the Cs2+ intensity on operating voltage of micro-channel-plate, accelerating field intensity and duration time of the accelerating field. The experimental results are consistent with theoretical fitting. We obtain the best optimal parameters suited to our experimental condition, which is important for the future experiment on ultracold molecule photoassociation and photoionization spectroscopy.
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We have observed translationally cold electronic ground-state cesium dimers produced directly in a magneto-optical trap and also by photoassociation of cold atoms in this trap. These neutral molecules were detected using photoionization and time-of-flight spectroscopy. Initial experiments indicated a cold molecular formation rate of about $600{\mathrm{s}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1},$ with no photoassociation laser present. The measured translational temperature of the neutral cesium dimers was approximately 100 \ensuremath{\mu}K.
Several different experiments involving the making of cold and ultracold molecules are performed and proposed. Ultracold cesium molecules are produced in a magneto-optical trap (MOT) by photoassociation near the 6P j, 7Pj, 9S 1/2, 6D3/2, 7D3/2 and doubly excited asymptotes. Perturbation effects related to resonant channel coupling were observed in photoassociation spectra below the 6 P1/2 asymptote. Such effects are used to illustrate a ground state ultracold molecule formation mechanism, which can also be formed in one step photoassociation to the double minimum 31S+m state. In addition, a new technique of making cold molecules of cesium hydride is proposed, using a cold hydrogen beam source and a cesium MOT. Due to reaction energetics, the formed CsH molecules should be in their lowest rovibrational states. ^
In the present paper, ultracold cesium atoms were obtained in magnetic optical trap using the laser cooling technology. The number of ultracold atoms is 10(7). The temperature of ultracold atoms is about 200 μK and the diameter of the ultracold atoms cloud is about 400 μm. The ultracold cesium molecules of excited states were formed using the photoassociation of ultracold atoms. The resolution of vib-rotational spectrum was studied under different scan rates of photossociation laser in the experiment. The resolution of vib-rotational spectrum becomes high when the scan rate of photossociation laser becomes slow. The cold atoms fluorescence was obtained using the high sensitive avalanche photo detector and the high resolution vib-rotational spectrum of ultracold cesium molecule in its first excited state of with dissociation limit long range state was obtained. The ultracold ground molecule was formed by controlled Raman photoassociation and the photoassociation laser must be locked to atom-molecular hyperfine transitions. The ultracold atoms photoassociation spectrum was modulated using ultra-low frequency. The first-order differential signal was optimized by changing modulation amplitude and modulation frequency. It provides a feedback signal to correct error of the laser. The laser frequency satisfies experimental requirement to form ultracold ground molecules using the controlled Raman photoassociation. This work is important for studies of ultracold atoms and molecules in confined space.