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Physical review. E, Statistical physics, plasmas, fluids, and related interdisciplinary topics

Optical pulse propagation and holographic storage in a coupled-resonator optical waveguide

Shayan Mookherjea, Amnon Yariv

Published Nov 12, 2001• 47 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We propose a method of storage and reconstruction of a classical light pulse based on photorefractive holography in a coupled-resonator optical waveguide (CROW). Pulse propagation in a CROW is described in the context of the tight-binding approximation; the use of a CROW results in a large reduction of the group velocity, which is important for spatial compression of the optical pulses. Further, the efficiency of the photorefractive effect is enhanced in a CROW, enabling quasistatic holographic grating formation using much lower intensity optical pulses. We describe in detail the formation of a photorefractive index grating in a CROW via interference with a reference pulse and the subsequent holographic reconstruction of the signal pulse.

DOI
10.1103/physreve.64.066602

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We propose a method of storage and reconstruction of a classical light pulse based on photorefractive holography in a coupled-resonator optical waveguide (CROW). Pulse propagation in a CROW is described in the context of the tight-binding approximation; the use of a CROW results in a large reduction of the group velocity, which is important for spatial compression of the optical pulses. Further, the efficiency of the photorefractive effect is enhanced in a CROW, enabling quasistatic holographic grating formation using much lower intensity optical pulses. We describe in detail the formation of a photorefractive index grating in a CROW via interference with a reference pulse and the subsequent holographic reconstruction of the signal pulse.
We introduce a mechanism to time reverse short optical pulses in coupled resonator optical waveguides (CROWs) by direct modulation of the coupling coefficients between microresonators. The coupling modulation is achieved using phase modulation of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer coupler. We demonstrate that by adiabatic modulation of the coupling between resonators we can time reverse or store light pulses with bandwidths up to a few hundred GHz. The large pulse bandwidths, small device footprint, robustness with respect to resonator losses, and easy tuning process of the coupling coefficients make this method more practical than previous proposals.
Analysis of photonic crystal coupled resonator optical waveguide (CROW) structures with a highly dispersive background medium is presented. A finite-difference time-domain algorithm was employed which contains an exact representation of the permittivity of a three-level atomic system which exhibits electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). We find that the coupling strength between nearestneighbor cavities in the CROW decreases with increasing steepness of the background dispersion, which is continuously tunable as it is directly related to the control field Rabi frequency. The weaker coupling decreases the speed of pulse propagation through the waveguide. In addition, due to the dispersive nature of the EIT background, the CROW band shape is tuned around a fixed k-point. Thus, the EIT background enables dynamic tunability of the CROW band shape and the group velocity in the structure at a fixed operating point in momentum space.
In this paper, we propose and study a hybrid mechanism for coherent transmission of photons in the coupled resonator optical waveguide (CROW) by incorporating the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) effect into the controllable band gap structure of the CROW. Here, the configuration setup of system consists of a CROW with homogeneous couplings and the artificial atoms with $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$-type three levels doped in each cavity. The roles of three levels are completely considered based on a mean field approach where the collection of three-level atoms collectively behave as two-mode spin waves. We show that the dynamics of low excitations of atomic ensemble can be effectively described by a coupling boson model. The exact solutions show that the light pulses can be stopped and stored coherently by adiabatically controlling the classical field.
We present a holographic system that can be used to manipulate the group velocity of light pulses. The proposed structure is based on the multiplexing of two sequential holographic volume gratings, one in transmission and the other in reflection geometry, where one of the recording beams must be the same for both structures. As in other systems such as grating induced transparency (GIT) or coupled-resonator-induced transparency (CRIT), by using the coupled wave theory it is shown that this holographic structure represents a classical analogue of the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). Analytical expressions were obtained for the transmittance induced at the forbidden band (spectral hole) and conditions where the group velocity was slowed down were analyzed. Moreover, the propagation of Gaussian pulses is analyzed for this system by obtaining, after further approximations, analytical expressions for the distortion of the transmitted field. As a result, we demonstrate the conditions where the transmitted pulse is slowed down and its shape is only slightly distorted. Finally, by comparing with the exact solutions obtained, the range of validity of all the analytical formulae was verified, demonstrating that the error is very low.
Time and space are dual variables which bring a lot of analogies during theoretical study. In this paper, we extend the concept of a spatial optical waveguide to the temporal domain. Here we show that it is possible to confine the optical pulse within a time interval by introducing the temporal index boundaries. The confined pulse will propagate at a speed of the index change in the waveguide, and it will be behind the original optical pulse which propagates without the temporal index variations. In this way, we may offer an approach to broaden the bandwidth of the slow light and to tune the light speed based on the existing slow light devices. The temporal waveguide has modes, which are the temporal waveforms maintaining their shapes during the propagation. In a single-mode temporal waveguide, the pulse retains its shape as the only mode of the waveguide just like an optical soliton. In a multimode temporal waveguide, multimode interference effect exists, which can duplicate a single pulse into multiple copies and be potentially implemented for all-optical signal processing.