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Physics Letters A

A formal solution for the evolution operator and its application in two-level systems

Xian-Geng Zhao

Published Sep 1, 1994• 22 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1016/0375-9601(94)00646-6

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SU(2)SU(2)SU(2) Dynamics and Logic machines -- part II
In this second part about dynamics of atomic system we revisit the logic application of SU(2)SU(2)SU(2) dynamics. We reiterate that solution of quantum dynamics systems can be represented geometrically. Such geometric representations of solutions provides intuitive physical insights. To which end studying dynamics of Quantum systems via su(2)su (2)su(2) Lie algebra proves to be convenient way of obtaining geometric solution for two level systems. In this paper link is established between two formalisms that made use of Lie algebra to describe equation of motion for quantum system. In both approaches the Hamiltonian and the density matrix are expressed as a linear combination of the Lie group. To exemplify the approach we consider a very well studied two level system whose coupling laser pulse have area of π2\fracπ{2}2π​. Beyond establishing link between these two formalism we provide analytical solutions using Magnus expansion by exploiting the Sylvester formula where knowledge of eigenvalues suffice to obtain solution. Furthermore we also obtained two constants of motion by assuming time dependent detuning whose time. Consequently we have shown how one can have two disjoint subspaces whose evolution vector is independent of each other. As an application we present two classical binary logic machines, namely CNOT- gate and parity checker, that the two level system's dynamics mimics.
Mathematical formalism of photon echo exciting at interaction of two-level quantum system with an electromagnetic field within the framework of quaternion algebra is offered. The rotation quaternion is used instead of density operator for representation of interaction dynamics of an exterior field with two-level atom, where the components of rotation quaternion are the coordinates of Bloch vector. Liouville fon-Neumann equation for density matrix evolution is substituted by the differential quaternion equation in a quaternion model. The expression for rotation quaternion appropriating to an unitary operator of rotation in matrix representation is obtained. It is shown that the solution of the differential quaternion equation does not require the difficult mathematical operation connected to an evaluation of an exponent from a matrix. The expression for a quaternion superoperator is obtained.