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Journal of the Physical Society of Japan

Resonant Interactions of Collective Modes in a Quasi-One-Dimensional Attractive Bose–Einstein Condensate

Chenxu Li, Xiaodong Ma, Yong-li Ma, Guoxiang Huang

Published Mar 15, 2013• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The resonant interaction between collective modes in a quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) attractive Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is considered. Nonlinearly coupled amplitude equations are derived using a method of multiple scales. Coupling matrix elements describing mode–mode resonances in both Landau and Beliaev mechanisms are calculated analytically. In particular, second-harmonic generation and three-mode resonant interaction of the collective modes in Q1D BEC are investigated in detail. The result shows that the physics of the resonant mode couplings in attractive Q1D BEC is richer than that of repulsive Q1D BEC.

DOI
10.7566/jpsj.82.044002

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The resonant interaction between collective modes in a quasi-one-dimensional (Q1D) attractive Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is considered. Nonlinearly coupled amplitude equations are derived using a method of multiple scales. Coupling matrix elements describing mode–mode resonances in both Landau and Beliaev mechanisms are calculated analytically. In particular, second-harmonic generation and three-mode resonant interaction of the collective modes in Q1D BEC are investigated in detail. The result shows that the physics of the resonant mode couplings in attractive Q1D BEC is richer than that of repulsive Q1D BEC.
We make a systematic study of the resonant mode coupling of the collective excitations at zero temperature in a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). (i) Based on the Gross-Pitaevskii equation we derive a set of nonlinearly coupled envelope equations for a three-mode resonant interaction (TMRI) by means of a method of multiple scales. (ii) We calculate the coupling matrix elements for the TMRI and show that the divergence appearing in previous studies can be eliminated completely by using a Fetter-like variational approximation for the ground-state wave function of the condensate. (iii) We provide the selection rules in mode-mode interaction processes [including TMRI and second-harmonic generation (SHG)] according to the symmetry of the excitations. (iv) By solving the nonlinearly coupled envelope equations we obtain divergence-free nonlinear amplitudes for the TMRI and SHG processes and show that our theoretical results on the shape oscillations of the condensate agree well with the experimental ones. We suggest also an experiment to check the theoretical prediction of the present study on the TMRI of collective excitations in a BEC.
We analytically and numerically study nonlinear dynamics in Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) induced either by a harmonic modulation of the interaction or by the geometry of the trapping potential. To analytically describe BEC dynamics, we use a perturbative expansion based on the Poincaré–Lindstedt analysis of a Gaussian variational ansatz, whereas in the numerical approach we use numerical solutions of both a variational system of equations and the full time-dependent Gross–Pitaevskii equation. The harmonic modulation of the atomic s-wave scattering length of a BEC of 7 Li was achieved recently via Feshbach resonance, and such a modulation leads to a number of nonlinear effects, which we describe within our approach: mode coupling, higher harmonics generation and significant shifts in the frequencies of collective modes. In addition to the strength of atomic interactions, the geometry of the trapping potential is another key factor for the dynamics of the condensate, as well as for its collective modes. The asymmetry of the confining potential leads to important nonlinear effects, including resonances in the frequencies of collective modes of the condensate. We study in detail such geometric resonances and derive explicit analytic results for frequency shifts for the case of an axially symmetric condensate with two- and three-body interactions. Analytically obtained results are verified by extensive numerical simulations.
We investigate the Landau damping of the collective mode in a quasi-two-dimension repulsive Bose—Einstein condensate by using the self-consistent time-dependent Hatree—Fock—Bogoliubov approximation and a complete and orthogonal eigenfunction set for the elementary excitation of the system. We calculate the three-mode coupling matrix element between the collective mode and the thermal excited quasi-particles and the Landau damping rate of the collective mode. We discuss the dependence of the Landau damping on temperature, on atom number in the condensate, on transverse trapping frequency and on the length of the condensate. The energy width of the collective mode is taken into account in our calculation. With little approximation, our theoretic calculation results agree well with the experimental ones and are helpful for deducing the damping mechanics and the inter-particle interaction.
We investigate the Landau damping of the collective mode in a quasi-one-dimensional repulsive Bose—Einstein condensate by using the self-consistent time-dependent Hartree—Fock—Bogoliubov approximation. We put forward a new method to calculate the Landau damping rate of the collective mode in the condensate and discuss the dependence of the Landau damping on temperature, on transverse trapping frequency, on atom number in the condensate, and on length of the system. Different from the usual calculation method for the three dimension system, our new calculation method is an interactive one by considering the practical relaxation of the elementary excitation. With little approximation, our theoretical calculation results agree with the experimental ones. Comparing with the usual calculation method, our theory is helpful to deduce the inter-particle interactions in damping phenomenon.
A three-wave resonant interaction of collective modes and related soliton excitations in a disk-shaped Bose–Einstein condensate are investigated. The phase-matching conditions for the resonant interaction are satisfied by suitably choosing the wavevectors and the frequencies of the collective modes. A set of nonlinearly coupled envelope equations describing the spatio-temporal evolution of the three-wave resonant interaction are derived by using a method of multiple-scales, and some explicit (2+1)-dimensional three-wave soliton solutions are also presented and discussed.
We develop an analytical approach for calculating the Landau damping of collective modes in the Bose-Einstein condensate trapped by an anisotropic harmonic potential. Based on a variational ground-state wave function obtained by solving the time-independent Gross-Pitaevskii equation beyond Thomas-Fermi approximation, we solve the Bogoliubov--de Gennes equations describing thermal excited quasiparticles and provide divergence-free analytical solutions for the Bogoliubov amplitudes and coupling matrix elements that characterize the interaction between the collective modes and the quasiparticles. With these analytical results we evaluate the Landau damping rates of several collective modes for various anisotropic parameters of the trapping potential in terms of the formulas derived from a time-dependent mean-field theory. In addition, we discuss the dependence of the damping rates on temperature, particle number, trapping frequency, and anisotropic parameter of the system, and compare our theoretical results with experimental and numerical data reported in literature.