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Journal of Communications and Networks

A class of check matrices constructed from Euclidean geometry and their application to quantum LDPC codes

Cao Dong, Yaoliang Song

Published Feb 1, 2013• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A new class of quantum low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes whose parity-check matrices are dual-containing matrices constructed based on lines of Euclidean geometries (EGs) is presented. The parity-check matrices of our quantum codes contain one and only one 4-cycle in every two rows and have better distance properties. However, the classical parity-check matrix constructed from EGs does not satisfy the condition of dual-containing. In some parameter conditions, parts of the rows in the matrix maybe have not any nonzero element in common. Notably, we propose four families of fascinating structure according to changes in all the parameters, and the parity-check matrices are adopted to satisfy the requirement of dual-containing. Series of matrix properties are proved. Construction methods of the parity-check matrices with dual-containing property are given. The simulation results show that the quantum LDPC codes constructed by this method perform very well over the depolarizing channel when decoded with iterative decoding based on the sum-product algorithm. Also, the quantum codes constructed in this paper outperform other quantum codes based on EGs.

DOI
10.1109/jcn.2013.000012

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A new class of quantum low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes whose parity-check matrices are dual-containing matrices constructed based on lines of Euclidean geometries (EGs) is presented. The parity-check matrices of our quantum codes contain one and only one 4-cycle in every two rows and have better distance properties. However, the classical parity-check matrix constructed from EGs does not satisfy the condition of dual-containing. In some parameter conditions, parts of the rows in the matrix maybe have not any nonzero element in common. Notably, we propose four families of fascinating structure according to changes in all the parameters, and the parity-check matrices are adopted to satisfy the requirement of dual-containing. Series of matrix properties are proved. Construction methods of the parity-check matrices with dual-containing property are given. The simulation results show that the quantum LDPC codes constructed by this method perform very well over the depolarizing channel when decoded with iterative decoding based on the sum-product algorithm. Also, the quantum codes constructed in this paper outperform other quantum codes based on EGs.
Low-density parity check (LDPC) codes are a significant class of classical codes with many applications. Several good LDPC codes have been constructed using random, algebraic, and finite geometries approaches, with containing cycles of length at least six in their Tanner graphs. However, it is impossible to design a self-orthogonal parity check matrix of an LDPC code without introducing cycles of length four. In this paper, a new class of quantum LDPC codes based on lines and points of finite geometries is constructed. The parity check matrices of these codes are adapted to be self- orthogonal with containing only one cycle of length four in each pair of two rows. Also, the column and row weights, and bounds on the minimum distance of these codes are given. As a consequence, these codes can be encoded using shift-register encoding algorithms and can be decoded using iterative decoding algorithms over various quantum depolarizing channels.
Quantum low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes based on the Calderbank-Shor-Steane construction have low encoding and decoding complexity. The sum-product algorithm (SPA) can be used to decode quantum LDPC codes; however, the decoding performance may be significantly decreased by the many four-cycles required by this type of quantum codes. All four-cycles can be eliminated using the entanglement-assisted formalism with maximally entangled states (ebits). The proposed entanglement-assisted quantum error-correcting code based on Euclidean geometry outperform differently structured quantum codes. However, the large number of ebits required to construct the entanglement-assisted formalism is a substantial obstacle to practical application. In this paper, we propose a novel class of entanglement-assisted quantum LDPC codes constructed using classical Euclidean geometry LDPC codes. Notably, the new codes require one copy of the ebit. Furthermore, we propose a construction scheme for a corresponding zigzag matrix and show that the algebraic structure of the codes could easily be expanded. A large class of quantum codes with various code lengths and code rates can be constructed. Our methods significantly improve the possibility of practical implementation of quantum error-correcting codes. Simulation results show that the entanglement-assisted quantum LDPC codes described in this study perform very well over a depolarizing channel with iterative decoding based on the SPA and that these codes outperform other quantum codes based on Euclidean geometries.
A new method for constructing quasi-cyclic (QC) low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes based on the structural properties of Euclidean geometries is presented. The proposed method changes the incidence vectors of some lines in the original Euclidean geometry method to construct much more parity check matrices and results in a large class of QC-LDPC codes with girth of at least 6. Simulations show that some codes in this class have better performance and lower error floor than the original Euclidean geometry codes.
This paper presents an improved Euclidean geometry (EG) method for constructing parity check matrix of quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check (QC-LDPC) codes to decrease the performance degradation of short cycles to the iterative decoding. The new method results in a class of QC-LDPC codes with much fewer short cycles than usual EG-LDPC codes with the same parameters. Simulation results show that the designed QC-LDPC codes with fewer short cycles perform better than the existing Euclidean geometry LDPC codes under iterative decoding.
Based on the lines and points in finite geometry,a method to construct the low density parity check codes is discussed in this paper.According to the characteristics of these codes,the dual codes of this kind of LDPC codes are obtained by splitting the rows or columns of the check matrix.A novel construction method of quantum low-density-parity-check code is developed according to the theory of quantum CSS codes.Quantum code(15,4) is selected as an example to illustrate the availability of this construction method,and its performance is analyzed under the bit-flipping channel.It is shown that this method is easier to construct the dual codes,and the performance of quantum codes constructed is superior to that of classical ones.
For designing low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes for quantum error-correction, we desire to satisfy the conflicting requirements below simultaneously. 1) The row weights of parity-check “should be large”: The minimum distances are bounded above by the minimum row weights of parity-check matrices of constituent classical codes. Small minimum distance tends to result in poor decoding performance at the error-floor region. 2) The row weights of parity-check matrices “should not be large”: The performance of the sum-product decoding algorithm at the water-fall region is degraded as the row weight increases. Recently, Kudekar et al. showed spatially-coupled (SC) LDPC codes exhibit capacity-achieving performance for classical channels. SC LDPC codes have both large row weight and capacity-achieving error-floor and water-fall performance. In this paper, we propose a new class of quantum LDPC codes based on spatially coupled quasi-cyclic LDPC codes. The performance outperforms that of quantum “non-coupled” quasi-cyclic LDPC codes.