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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE

Realisation of innovative quantum imaging protocols at INRIM

Marco Genovese, G. Brida, Giulia Alice Fornaro, Alice Meda, Ivano Ruo Berchera

Published Nov 30, 2011• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

ABSTRACT We review our last results in the field of quantum imaging obtained at INRIM Keywords: Quantum Imaging, Entanglement, Quantum Correlations, Sub shot noise measurements 1. INTRODUCTION Quantum properties of the optical field represent a resource of the utmost relevance for the development of quantum technologies, allowing unprecedented results in disciplines ranging from quantum information and metrology to quantum imaging. In particular, in the last case various protocols have been proposed ranging from ghost imaging [1,2], to quantum illumination [3] and sub-shot-noise quantum imaging [4]. Sub-shot-noise measurements with quantum optical states (for example exploiting the quantum correlations of Parametric Down Conversion (PDC) emission) provide the possibility of the detection of weak objects, a task that could have important practical applications. A little more in detail the principle of this technique is to take advantage of the correlation in the noise of two conjugated branches of PDC emission: in fact, s ubtracting the noise measured on one branch from the image of a weak object obtained in the other branch, the image of the object, previously hidden in the noise, could be restored. A schematic implemen tation of this protocol is depicted in Figure 1. On the other hand, ghost imaging technique allows to retrieve information about the object using spatial resolution detector from light (one arm of correlated beams) that does not interact directly with the object, whereas the photons transmitted thr ough (or reflected by) the object are registered by a bucket detector, which does not resolve the shape of the object.

DOI
10.1117/12.903857

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ABSTRACT We review our last results in the field of quantum imaging obtained at INRIM Keywords: Quantum Imaging, Entanglement, Quantum Correlations, Sub shot noise measurements 1. INTRODUCTION Quantum properties of the optical field represent a resource of the utmost relevance for the development of quantum technologies, allowing unprecedented results in disciplines ranging from quantum information and metrology to quantum imaging. In particular, in the last case various protocols have been proposed ranging from ghost imaging [1,2], to quantum illumination [3] and sub-shot-noise quantum imaging [4]. Sub-shot-noise measurements with quantum optical states (for example exploiting the quantum correlations of Parametric Down Conversion (PDC) emission) provide the possibility of the detection of weak objects, a task that could have important practical applications. A little more in detail the principle of this technique is to take advantage of the correlation in the noise of two conjugated branches of PDC emission: in fact, s ubtracting the noise measured on one branch from the image of a weak object obtained in the other branch, the image of the object, previously hidden in the noise, could be restored. A schematic implemen tation of this protocol is depicted in Figure 1. On the other hand, ghost imaging technique allows to retrieve information about the object using spatial resolution detector from light (one arm of correlated beams) that does not interact directly with the object, whereas the photons transmitted thr ough (or reflected by) the object are registered by a bucket detector, which does not resolve the shape of the object.
Quantum properties of the optical field represent a resource of the utmost relevance for the development of quantum technologies, allowing unprecedented results in disciplines ranging from quantum information and metrology to quantum imaging. Spatial quantum correlations generated by of parametric down conversion (PDC) represents a tool for quantum imaging because they are intrinsically multimode, a requirement for obtaining large degree of correlation over small portions of the beams, allowing to register the spatial structure of an object. In particular a very interesting example is provided by the detection of weak objects, a result that could have important practical applications. The principle of this technique is to take advantage of the correlation in the noise of two conjugated branches of PDC emission: in fact, subtracting the noise measured on one branch from the image of a weak object obtained in the other branch, the image of the object, eventually previously hidden in the noise, could be restored. Here, after a general summary of quantum imaging techniques, firstly we will show how we have reached a sub shot noise regime and then improved this result up to reach a regime where it was possible to achieve the first experimental realisation of sub shot noise imaging of a weak absorbing object.
Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRIM), Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy. E-mail:i.ruoberchera@inrim.it Quantum correlations of twin beams represent a resource of great importance for the developments of quantum technologies allowing unprecedented results in quantum information, metrology and quantum imaging. Focusing on the measurement of the photon numbers, spatial multimode correlations beyond the shot noise limit have been experimentally demonstrated by using parametric down conversion (PDC) and CCD camera (both at the single photon level and at higher photon flux) [1], and also with other interesting techniques [2]. One of their natural application is the quantum imaging of weak absorbing objects, showed in Fig.1, with sensitivity beyond the shot-noise-level [3]. The idea consists in measuring the intensity pattern on one branch of PDC, where the object has been inserted, and then subtracting the correlated noise pattern measured in the other branch that does not interact with the object. In our presentation we overview the sub-shot noise imaging protocol mentioned above and other applications where the spatial quantum correlation can give some advantages over the classical ones. As an example, we studied the signalto-noise ratio (SNR) of ghost imaging protocols with quantum and classical light [4]. We realized a ghost imaging experiment in the mesoscopic regime (one thousand of photon per pixel per shot), obtaining substantial quantum enhanced performances (see Fig.1). We also demonstrated that spatial quantum correlations provide the possibility for the absolute calibration of analog and/or photon number resolving detectors, providing the first absolute calibration (without any comparison with reference standards, neither optical source nor detector) of a scientific CCD camera [5]. In this first realization we already reached interesting uncertainty level. All these findings indicate that the control and detection of quantum spatial correlation is a rather mature field and other application to different sensing scenarios can be envisaged.
The peculiar properties of quantum optical states represent a new resource for innovative imaging schemes, as sub shot noise imaging or quantum illumination. Here we present in detail two works realized in INRIM. The first involves exploiting entanglement to enhance the imaging of a pure phase object in a non-interferometric setting. This wide-field method, based on the "transport of intensity equation", provides the absolute value of the phase without prior knowledge of the object. It does not require spatial and temporal coherence of the incident light. Besides improving image quality at a fixed number of photons, we demonstrate a clear reduction of the uncertainty in the quantitative phase estimation. This research also paves the way for applications at different wavelengths, e.g., x-ray imaging, where reducing the photon dose is of utmost importance. Then, we demonstrate a novel imaging technique, named Light Field Ghost Imaging, which exploits light correlations and light field imaging principles to enable overcome the limitations of ghost imaging in a wide range of applications. Notably, our technique removes the requirement to have prior knowledge of the object distance allowing us to refocus in post-processing and to perform 3D imaging while retaining all the benefits of GI protocols.
The peculiar properties of quantum optical states represent a new resource for innovative imaging schemes, as sub shot noise imaging or quantum illumination. In particular, quantum entanglement and squeezing have significantly improved phase estimation and imaging in interferometric settings beyond the classical limits. In this proceeding, after a general introduction, I will describe part of the recent work on quantum imaging performed in INRIM concerning phase imaging and light field ghost imaging.
Abstract In previous years the possibility of creating and manipulating quantum states of light has paved the way for the development of new technologies exploiting peculiar properties of quantum states, such as quantum information, quantum metrology and sensing, quantum imaging, etc. In particular quantum imaging addresses the possibility of overcoming limits of classical optics by using quantum resources such as entanglement or sub-Poissonian statistics. Albeit, quantum imaging is a more recent field than other quantum technologies, e.g. quantum information, it is now mature enough for application. Several different protocols have been proposed, some of them only theoretically, others with an experimental implementation and a few of them pointing to a clear application. Here we present a few of the most mature protocols ranging from ghost imaging to sub shot noise imaging and sub-Rayleigh imaging.
Sub-Shot Noise quantum imaging is a novel quantum method allowing in principle to recover the image of a weak absorbing object, even if illuminated by a low photon flux, with a signal to noise ratio larger than classical imaging techniques. Here we present the first realization of a genuine quantum imaging schemes exploiting correlation of twin beams produced by Parametric Down conversion. We compare its performances with respect to the corresponding classical scheme, showing a clear improvement of the sensitivity in the reconstruction of the absorbtion profile of a weak object.